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Cytochromes of the c type contain covalently bound heme. In bacteria, they are located on the outside of the cytoplasmic membrane. Cytochrome c synthesis involves export of heme and apocytochrome across the cytoplasmic membrane followed by ligation of heme to the polypeptide. Using radioactive protoheme IX produced in Escherichia coli, we show that Bacillus subtilis can use heme from the growth me
Plasma levels of intact parathyroid hormone (PTH) were measured intraoperatively before and after removal of one enlarged gland in 20 hyperparathyroid patients. In 13 patients with a single parathyroid adenoma, plasma levels of intact PTH-(1-84) had declined at 15 min after removal of the adenoma by 86.5 +/- 4.4% of baseline in the antecubital vein and by 85.6 +/- 4.2% in the ipsilateral internal
This paper presents a technique to reduce the noise figure of a passive mixer-first receiver front-end. By using lower than 50Ω switch resistance in the current-mode passive mixer and introducing a positive feedback from baseband to the RF-input, it can be well matched close to fLO while achieving a noise figure below 3dB, which is otherwise a fundamental limit. A quadrature front-end prototype fo
From newly obtained high-resolution, high signal-to-noise ratio spectra the abundances of the elements La and Eu have been determined over the stellar metallicity range -3<[Fe/H]<+0.3 in 159 giant and dwarf stars. Lanthanum is predominantly made by the s-process in the solar system, while Eu owes most of its solar system abundance to the r-process. The changing ratio of these elements in stars ove
Indonesia has implemented national policies and legislations to encourage biofuel production as means to achieve energy security and self-sufficiency and to reduce reliance of fossil fuel reserves. However, there is still no clear road-map for the socio-technological transition. While acknowledging economic impediments, this case study investigates social and political obstacles to bioethanol prod
In this thesis, the Wideband Sparse Exponential Mode Analysis (WSEMA) estimator is introduced. It combines two recently developed techniques, the wideband dictionary and the Sparse Exponential Mode Analysis (SEMA) to make for an efficient estimator. WSEMA estimates the parameters of decaying sinusoids, without a priori-information about the number of modes present in the signal. WSEMA works with a
Long working hours and burnout as well as other stress-related symptoms are common concerns amongst knowledge workers. An obvious solution might be to reduce working hours, for example, to a 30-hour workweek. Hence, this explorative study is interested in exploring the effects of the 30-hour workweek on knowledge workers. Object of study is a digital marketing agency; eleven semi-structured interv
While studies on the relationship between health, income, healthcare spending and productivity is generally consistent, little attention has been brought to the regional contexts. Meanwhile, a country like Sweden who is generally known for a well-established healthcare system and welfare state, experiences increasing regional disparities. This thesis investigates the relationship between health, i
This thesis analyses the tax treatment of foreign investment funds in the Netherlands. Investment funds subject to a special tax scheme are entitled to the reimbursement of withholding tax on the dividends they receive. In order to qualify for the special tax scheme, investment funds have to meet two requirements. The analysis in this thesis is twofold. Both the compatibility of the special tax
Tramways are a sustainable and accessible mode for public transport. They promote urban development and contribute to a more attractive city. Light rail, but also public transport as a whole, is an important part of society as it is accessible to everyone and reduces the amount of cars needed. The two tramlines in Norrköping account for two thirds of public transport travel in the city. The purpos
Party polarization research at the academic level has been limited so far compared to media coverage. Nonetheless, there is increasing academic attention on the effects of polarization on policy intensity. This study aims to analyse the impact party polarization has on the government response carried out in the EU countries during Covid-19. The specialized literature study how political polarizati
Popular Science Summary Konsten att kunna ta bort ett syre Alla celler har DNA, som måste repareras och kopieras för att livet ska fortgå. För att kunna göra detta måste det finnas byggstenar. En av alla processer som ser till att alla delar finns i rätt mängd innefattar bara ett protein. Ett protein som får instruktioner från många håll för att gå igenom en komplicerad process som tillverkar dessThe protein ribonucleotide reductase catalyses the de novo synthesis of deoxyribonucleotides (dNTPs) from ribonucleotides (NTPs), using radical chemistry. It is under strict allosteric regulation, partly from the dNTPs it synthesises that regulate what substrate should be synthesised, but also from dATP/ATP, which regulates overall activity. It is a protein that is found in almost every living org
Polymerer är naturliga eller syntetiska makromolekyler som är uppbyggda av flera repeterande enheter, monomerer. I blocksampolymerer är de ingående typerna av monomerer fördelade i olika block i polymeren, t.ex. A och B. Blocksampolymerer är ett intressant forskningsområde med möjliga tillämpningar inom bland annat läkemedelstransport, så kallad controlled drug release, d.v.s för kontrollerad frisIn the present work, the formation of complex coacervate micelles and aggregates of the oppositely charged diblock copolymers poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)27-b-poly((3-acrylamidopropyl)trimethylammoniumchloride)15 [PNIPAAM27-b-PAMPTMA15(+)] and poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)27-b-poly(2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic sodium)15 [PNIPAAM27-b-PAMPS15(-)] in aqueous solution have been studied at diff
Unmanned vehicles need robust systems to ensure the safety of the vehicle and its environment. Being able to find and avoid perilous situations is paramount to such a system. In this paper we suggest an unsupervised image-based anomaly detection algorithm using a variational autoencoder and a superpixel segmentation algorithm, which is adapted to the maritime obstacle detection task. The algorithm
Sedan EU bildades har unionen haft en central roll för att integrera medlemsstaterna och har också som en effekt av detta haft ett ökande inflytande på medlemsstaternas nationella lagstiftning. Dessutom har denna utveckling lett till juridiska överväganden avseende hur EU:s författningar ska tolkas och verkställas och hur denna integration ska kunna säkerställas. Det finns fyra friheter i EU-fördrSince its inception, the EU has had a pivotal role in integrating the MS between each other and also has had an increasing influence on the national legislation of these states. Moreover, this process has naturally led to legal concerns on how to interpret the EU law and how to impose it to secure its integration for the future. Furthermore, in order to impede and hinder MS from protecting and ben
Contemporary developments in sustainability governance have enhanced environmental policy and induced comprehensive institutional reforms in several countries. Theoretically, this has also induces a debate on the role of the state for reflexive and ecological sustainability governance. Informed by Eckersley's political theory of the green state, this thesis offer an analysis of the prospects
I dagens medicinsktekniska förlossningskultur är det viktigt att det finns tillgång till alternativ smärtlindring såsom bad. För att kartlägga vilka möjligheter kvinnor har att använda sig av bad som förlossningssmärtlindring skickades en enkät till avdelningsföreståndarna på samtliga förlossningskliniker i Sverige. Svarsfrekvensen var 100 %. Tillgång på bad som förlossningssmärtlindring ansåg 88
