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Nitrous oxide (N2O), like carbon dioxide, is a long-lived greenhouse gas that accumulates in the atmosphere. Over the past 150 years, increasing atmospheric N2O concentrations have contributed to stratospheric ozone depletion1 and climate change2, with the current rate of increase estimated at 2 per cent per decade. Existing national inventories do not provide a full picture of N2O emissions, owin
AIMS: Myocardial salvage, determined by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR), is used as end point in cardioprotection trials. To calculate myocardial salvage, infarct size is related to myocardium at risk (MaR), which can be assessed by T2-short tau inversion recovery (T2-STIR) and contrast-enhanced steady-state free precession magnetic resonance imaging (CE-SSFP). We aimed to determine how T
Att göra AI smart med små medel – ny metod utmanar gamla träningssätt Under de senaste åren har det blivit allt tydligare att när tillräckligt stora språkmodeller tränas på enorma mängder text, lyckas de extrahera förvånansvärt mycket kunskap. Det leder till en rik representation av världen och en bred uppsättning färdigheter, vilket gör modellerna mycket användbara inom allt från att ge medicinsLarge language models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable capabilities but remain costly to deploy at scale. Knowledge distillation offers a way to transfer knowledge from large, high-capacity models into smaller, more efficient ones. This thesis investigates two key questions: (1) how specific design choices affect distillation performance, and (2) how distillation can be effectively performed in the
Protein dynamics contribute to protein function on different time scales. Ultrafast X-ray diffraction snapshots can visualize the location and amplitude of atom displacements after perturbation. Since amplitudes of ultrafast motions are small, high-quality X-ray diffraction data is necessary for detection. Diffraction from bovine trypsin crystals using single femtosecond X-ray pulses was recorded
Projecting land-use allocation under various scenarios can be useful for reconciling conflicts between urbanization, food security, and ecological integrity throughout landscapes, but existing approaches often fail to capture the interactions in land systems that occur across scales and within and between hierarchical jurisdictions of societal organization. This article introduces a cross-scale fu
The association between higher education and political attitudes is well-recognized, and research suggests that socialization amongst peers is one of the most probable mechanisms explaining a possible attitudinal change. However, identifying a socialization effect is difficult due to self-selection mechanisms and limitations in data availability. This article empirically investigates the underlyin
Objective. Gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms are common in cirrhosis and have an impact on quality of life. Their pathophysiology and their relation to energy intake have not been fully elucidated and the effect of liver transplantation on GI symptoms has not been studied. We aimed to prospectively evaluate GI symptoms and their determinants before and after transplantation and their potential relati
The availability of complete genome sequence data from both bacteria and eukaryotes provides information about the contribution of bacterial genes to the origin and evolution of mitochondria. Phylogenetic analyses based on genes located in the mitochondrial genome indicate that these genes originated from within the f-proteobacteria. A number of ancestral bacterial genes have also been transferred
1914 women were asked to count fetal movements for 15 minutes every evening from the 28th week of pregnancy until parturition. An individual lowest limit for number of fetal movements was calculated from the first five counts. The women were instructed to contact the maternity ward for fetal evaluation as soon as their count fell below the lowest limit on two consecutive evenings (alarm signal). 7
Infertility affects 15% of all couples. Although male infertility factors with reduced semen quality are contributing to about half of all involuntary childlessness, the value of standard semen parameters in prediction of fertility in vivo and choice of proper method for assisted reproduction is limited. In the search for better markers of male fertility, during the last 10 years, assessment of sp
The energy justice framework serves as an important decision-making tool in order to understand how different principles of justice can inform energy systems and policies. The realization of the urgency of providing modern energy technology and services particularly to rural areas has prompted both the Nepalese government and development institutions to focus on community-run renewable energy faci
A method to determine the internal stress state across the grain of glued laminated wood (glulam), as well as the experimental equipment for measuring released deformation are described in this paper. The internal stress state is calculated from measured released deformations, which are measured by a contact free method based on a digital camera technique. Nondestructive measurement of the modulus
Characterizing population fluctuations and their causes is a major theme in population ecology. The debate is on the relative merits of density-dependent and density-independent effects. One paradigm (revived by the research on global warming and its relation to long-term population data) states that fluctuations in population densities can often be accounted for by external noise. Several empiric
The protagonist projection hypothesis was formulated by Holton (1997) in order to account for cases where the speaker seems to utter contradictory statements. Holton argues that in these cases the speaker projects herself into the mind of someone else. Three different sentence-types have been classified as examples of protagonist projection: (i) sentences with factive verbs (tell+wh, know), (ii) s
Cross-border investments made through investment funds are still surrounded by uncertainty, derived by the inexistence of harmonization of direct taxation in the European Union. The uncertainty surrounding the tax treatment, especially in cross-border situations, tend to trigger tax issued such as discrimination and restrictions to fundamental freedoms. More than 3000 funds have claimed a full ref
Introduktion: En viktig del i behandlingen av oropharyngeal dysfagi är anpassning av kosten. Kostanpassning innebär att kosten förändras avseende bolus konsistens, temperatur, smak eller volym. Syftet är att ge patienten en säkrare och/eller effektivare sväljning. Kostanpassningen baseras på en utredning av hur olika bolustyper påverkar sväljningen. Mångårig klinisk erfarenhet på Skånes Universite
