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Introduction In the current study, an extended 3-pore model (TPM) is presented and applied to the problem of optimizing automated peritoneal dialysis (APD) with regard to osmotic water transport (UF), small/middle-molecule clearance, and glucose absorption. Methods Simulations were performed for either intermittent APD (IPD) or tidal APD (TPD). IPD was simulated for fill and drain volumes of 2 L,
Populärvetenskaplig sammanfattning1,7 miljoner nya fall av bröstcancer diagnosticeras årligen i världen. Bröstcancer är kvinnans vanligaste tumörsjukdom och i västvärlden samt Sverige kommer var åttonde till var nionde kvinna att insjukna under sin livstid. Överlevnaden efter bröstcancer är bland de högsta i världen i Sverige, med femårsöverlevnad på cirka 90%. För de kvinnor som diagnosticeras i Most patients with breast cancer present with low-risk tumors, node-negative disease, and excellent prognosis. For these patients, routine axillary nodal staging by sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) has no therapeutic benefit. For patients with limited sentinel lymph node metastasis, completion axillary nodal dissection is controversial. Furthermore, those with heavy-burden metastasis could benefi
The aim of this study is to explore the ethics of the Nag Hammadi text, The Tripartite Tractate. This text, the fifth tractate in Nag Hammadi Codex I, has received comparatively little attention, although it is the most detailed Valentinian treaty still extant. By investigating the ethics of The Tripartite Tractate, this study not only illuminates a previously unstudied aspect of this very interes
Background: Informal caregivers provide a large amount of day-to-day assistance and are crucial for the ability of survivors to recover and adapt to life after stroke. Aim: The development of caregiver support programs is limited by lack of large long-term follow-up studies. We present a comprehensive study of Swedish stroke caregivers' life situation in relation to degree of functional dependency
Introduction Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA) is a subset of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) associated vasculitis with distinct pathophysiological mechanisms, clinical features and treatment responses. Rituximab is a licensed therapy for granulomatosis with polyangiitis and microscopic polyangiitis but there is limited experience of rituximab in EGPA. Methods EGPA
Numerous imaging methods have been developed over recent years in order to study materials at the nanoscale. Within this context, scanning X-ray diffraction microscopy has become a routine technique, giving access to structural properties with sub-micrometre resolution. This article presents an optimized technique and an associated software package which have been implemented at the ID01 beamline
Den 1 juli 2010 genomfördes en reform som syftade till att höja straffnivån för allvarliga våldsbrott. Genom reformen infördes bland annat en ny mening i 29 kap. 1 § 2 st. BrB som anger att det vid bedömningen av det konkreta straffvärdet särskilt ska beaktas om gärningen inneburit ett allvarligt angrepp på någons liv eller hälsa eller trygghet till person. I motiven till meningen angav regeringenA reform, aiming to increase the level of penalty for severe crimes of violence, was implemented July the 1st 2010 in the Swedish Penal code. Among other changes, a new sentence was imposed in 29:1 1st paragraph BrB. This sentence states that the court, when determining the concrete penal value, in particular should take into account if the criminal act was a serious assault on a person’s life or
Våld i nära relationer har under många år varit och är än idag ett stort samhällsproblem. Det är ett problematiskt område som troligtvis har ett stort mörkertal och därmed är svårt att upptäcka. I vissa fall kanske våld i nära relationer inte upptäcks förrän det är för sent. Vilka möjligheter har brottsoffer för våld i nära relationer att freda sig själv och sin familj? Syftet med denna uppsats ärDomestic violence has always been a major social problem and still is. This kind of crime is often characterized by hidden statistics which makes it difficult to detect in many cases. What possibilities do victims of domestic violence have to protect themselves and their families? The purpose of this thesis is to examine the possibility to use preventive self-defense in cases of domestic violence.
When choosing topic for my project I felt the urge to work threedimensionally and develop shapes with my hands. Before starting the industrial design education I had taken some classes in ceramics and now I wanted to integrate ceramics in my design work. My project developed into exploring ceramics and to use its properties in a favourable way in a sustainable product. Flexibility in both form
Public transportation gets paralyzed every year when winter conditions occur and the purpose of this thesis has been to summarize experiences from tram cities, mainly in Scandinavia, and suggest solutions to the problems identified. Material was collected from Stockholm, Gothenburg, Norrköping, Oslo, Trondheim, Helsinki and Budapest. Operating the tramway during winter leads to problems specific t
Nödvärnsrätten regleras i 24 Kap. 1 § BrB. Den typen som är relevant för uppsatsen är nödvärn i förhållande till ”ett påbörjat eller överhängande brottsligt angrepp på person eller egendom,” vilken regleras i punk 1. Nödvärn är en objektiv ansvarsfrihetsgrund som kräver att brukaren gör avvägningar mellan angrepp och försvar för att handlingen inte skall anses som uppenbart oförsvarlig. Detta krävThe right to self-defence is regulated in chapter 24 § 1 of the swedish Penal Code. The type which is relevant to this paper is the one concerned with current or imminent criminal attack on a person or property which is found in the first point of the paragraph. Self-defence is an objective ground for discharge of liability. For the act of self-defence to not be considered obviously unjustified th
Responses to combating worsening climate change are legitimized through narratives employed in government policy which build on existing master narratives about climate change produced in the subpolitics of international mega-science mainly influenced by IPCC as an expert authority. In Sweden the climate law forces the government to produce a Climate Policy Action Plan (CPAP) every four years that
Detektion av tumörceller i blod med hjälp av bildanalys Cirkulerande tumörceller är celler som har lämnat sin ursprungliga primärtumör och tagit sig till blodet. Dessa celler kan sedan ta sig vidare till andra delar av kroppen där de kan ge upphov till dottertumörer. Cirkulerande tumörceller är mycket viktiga att studera eftersom dottertumörer är den ledande orsaken till dödsfall i cancer. TyväCirculating tumour cells (CTCs) are cancer cells that have entered the circulation of the body breaking free from their primary tumour and that can act as progenitors of metastasis. At the time of writing, a study on a novel method to detect and count CTCs using imaging flow cytometry (IFC) is being conducted at Lund University. In the study, a problem was found where CTCs clustered with normal wh
Spåravgifter - Är det tillåtet och hur vanligt är det? En promenad i naturen, en cykeltur i skogen eller en skidtur på fjället - ja allt detta har vi rätt att utföra helt gratis tack vare allemansrätten. Men under senare år har det blivit allt vanligare att man tvingas att betala för skidspår och cykelspår i naturen. Är denna utveckling verkligen förenlig med allemansrätten? I det nyligen preseThe right of public access, in Swedish called allemansrätten, gives people the opportunity to roam freely in nature. Whether one prefers to explore nature by foot, on a bike or on a pair of skis is up to the individual since the right of public access includes all the above-mentioned types of transportation. Today there seems to be a trend that the usage of cross-country skiing tracks and mountain
Föreställ dig att du försöker skala ett äpple, men i stället för att använda dig utav en kniv för att skala äpplet använder du dig utav ett mer effektivare verktyg, för att undvika att skala bort fruktköttet. För att skala äpplet så tunt som möjligt skulle du behöva ta bort skalet ett litet lager i taget, gärna så tunt som möjlig, så tunt som till fristående atomlager. Detta liknar vad forskare göAtomic Layer Etching (ALE) is a self-limiting cyclic dry etching process used in nanofabrication that allows for material etching on the atomic scale in a layer-by-layer regime. In practical applications, such as using commercially available reactive ion etching (RIE) tools, the ion energy in the plasma exceeds the sputtering threshold (typically 20 to 40 eV for Si), leading to a Quasi-ALE (Q-ALE)
While an exit tax regime satisfies principles like fiscal sovereignty, fiscal territoriality, source and benefit as well as it can find justification in them at a national level, other conflicting issues arise. For instance, from the perspective of an individual, this can lead to double taxation when the Host State does not accept a step-up or deduction for the value on which taxes have already be
In this paper we empirically analyse if feedback systems at online hotel booking websites affect the behaviour of partner hotels by providing them with an incentive to invest in better quality to please their customers. This is done by creating a model to forecast the expected behaviour of partner hotels and thereafter performing a number of statistical tests on review data from the online hotel r
Neo-liberal policy as a means for development has been present in our society since the first experiment in Chile during the 1970s. This experience came to be known as an economic ?miracle? and the model was soon imitated by surrounding countries. In these countries income inequality has been a well-known feature and the Gini Coefficient in all Latin American countries exceeds the world average. T
En wollastonitförekomst vid Stor Hulta gruvor i närheten av Nora har undersökts. I den nedlagda gruvan har tidigare skarnjärnmalm tillhörande leptitformationen brutits. I jämförande syfte har även wollastonit från Akatjvare i Tjåmotisområdet undersökts. Detta är LKAB:s prospekteringsobjekt och är beläget i Jokkmokks kommun. Resultaten för detta material, som utgörs av fyra stuffer av dubbel knytnäThe wollastonite occurrence at Hulta is a skarn deposit associated with iron ore within the Leptite Formation of central Sweden. Wollastonite is found in carbonate layers within the leptite and the rocks have been subject to regional metamorphism. These layers are normally approximately 10 cm thick. Corelogging, microscopic studies and X-ray diffraction show a varied composition of the rock, with
