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Objective While the incidence of children suffering from autoimmune type 1 diabetes (T1D) is increasing in Sweden and worldwide, the underlying etiology and cellular mechanisms behind this remain unknown. The predisposition of the high-risk HLA DR-DQ genotype and as yet unknown environmental triggers lead to autoimmunity and the onset of T1D, which is preceded by islet beta-cell autoantibodies a

Significance This project describes the existence of previously unknown non-GPI-anchored CD59 isoforms required for insulin secretion, named CD59-IRIS-1 and CD59-IRIS-2, and finds reduced expression of CD59-IRIS isoforms in human diabetic islets, showing a link between dysregulation of IRIS isoforms and defects in insulin secretion in diabetic patients. These data open a path for future studies in

BACKGROUND: The peritoneum is the second most common site of recurrence in colorectal cancer. Early detection of peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC) by imaging is difficult. Patients eventually presenting with clinically apparent PC have a poor prognosis. Median survival is only about five months if untreated and the benefit of palliative systemic chemotherapy is limited. Only a quarter of patients are

Background: Early substitution of calcineurin inhibitor (CNI) with mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors has been shown to improve kidney function and reduce intimal hyperplasia in heart transplant (HTx) recipients but data on long-term outcome of such a regime are still sparse. Methods: In the SCHEDULE trial, 115 de novo HTx recipients were randomized to (1) everolimus with reduced exposure of

Mycotoxins have been hypothesized to contribute to a diversity of adverse health effects in humans, even at low concentrations. Certain mycotoxins are established human carcinogens, whereas for others research suggests potential carcinogenic effects. The aim of this study was to determine the association between dietary exposure to mycotoxins and hepatobiliary cancers in the European Prospective I

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a prevalent pregnancy complication that seriously endangers maternal and infant health, posing a medical and economic burden worldwide. Several dietary patterns have been recommended for women of childbearing age, demonstrating a positive role in preventing and managing GDM. However, these dietary patterns may not fully take environmental factors into account

BACKGROUND: The impact of the sustainable EAT-Lancet planetary health diet on brain and cognitive health remains unclear. This study compared the impact of the EAT-Lancet diet with the well-established cognitive-beneficial Mediterranean diet (MeDi) in relation to neuroimaging biomarkers and cognitive performance among older adults.METHODS: The study included 615 dementia-free 70-year-olds from the

This study examines teachers’ use of evidence-based language learn­ing techniques in the classroom and possible impact on student ­engagement. Video recordings of nine primary school teachers conducting interactive book reading with their students were analyzed both according to the Communication Supporting Classroom Obser­vation Tool-Language Learning Interactions (CSCOT-LLI) and descriptively. Q

OBJECTIVE To compare the prevalence of parental diabetes between children with and without type 1 diabetes (T1D), and to compare clinical characteristics at diagnosis of T1D in children with, versus without, a family history of diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Parental diabetes among children with T1D was compared with a general population cohort. Clinical characteristics were compared by fam

Breast cancer and type 2 diabetes are major health concerns worldwide. This thesis has focused on novel non-canonical roles of two complement inhibitors, which led to the discovery of new mechanisms and factors at play in these diseases. The sushi domain-containing protein 4 (SUSD4) was previously portrayed as a breast cancer suppressor, but no mechanism was identified. In paper I, using a syngene

This thesis is investigating the conflict between the state and pirates in an actor perspective. It shows that the conflict contains both an indirect- and a direct conflict. The first is a military and juridical struggle where the state tries to defeat pirates. The latter is a competition on controlling the large values transported via sea. I conclude that the state has not defeated pirates becaus

BACKGROUND: Sub-Saharan Africa is facing a dietary transition with both undernutrition and rising rates of non-communicable diseases. Adopting the reference diet proposed by the EAT-Lancet Commission can reduce both the environmental burden and improve health outcomes. However, whether this diet provides micronutrient adequacy in older adults in low-income settings has not been investigated. This

BACKGROUND: The evidence linking sugar intake to cardiovascular disease risk remains largely inconclusive, with variations observed across different subgroups of sugar intake. In addition, studies on genetic markers of sugar intake are scarce, especially for different sugar subgroups.OBJECTIVE: This genome-wide association study (GWAS) aimed to investigate genetic variants associated with the inta

INTRODUCTION: Epidemiological evidence suggests the association of preserved ratio impaired spirometry (PRISm) at baseline with the risk of heart failure (HF), however, the associations between transitions of PRISm and incident HF remain to be clarified. Furthermore, the causal relationship and underlying biological mechanisms linking PRISm and HF are unclear.OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to invest

BACKGROUND: Weight-adjusted-waist index (WWI) is an anthropometric index reflecting fat mass and muscle mass, both of which are important factors influencing insulin resistance and inflammation.OBJECTIVES: We aimed to examine the associations of WWI with all-cause, cardiovascular, and noncardiovascular mortality among individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and further investigate whether insulin r

Objective: Drug-coated balloons (DCB) might improve the results of below the knee (BTK) angioplasty, but sufficient randomized data comparing DCB and conventional angioplasty in treating patients with chronic limb threatening ischemia (CLTI) are lacking. This study aimed to perform a randomized comparison between a paclitaxel-coated angioplasty balloon catheter and a conventional balloon angioplas