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Aim: MicroRNAs play an important role in the maintenance of cellular functions by fine-tuning gene expression levels. The aim of the current study was to identify genetically caused changes in microRNA expression which associate with islet dysfunction in diabetic mice. Methods: To identify novel microRNAs involved in islet dysfunction, transcriptome and miRNome analyses were performed in islets of

Aim: We aimed to study the feasibility and tolerability of a combination therapy consisting of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD-alum), Etanercept and vitamin D in children and adolescents with newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes (T1D), and evaluate preservation of beta cell function. Material and Methods: Etanercept Diamyd Combination Regimen is an open-labelled multi-centre study pilot trial whi

OBJECTIVE: One-hour plasma glucose (1-h PG) during the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) is an accurate predictor of type 2 diabetes. We performed a meta-analysis to determine the optimum cutoff of 1-h PG for detection of type 2 diabetes using 2-h PG as the gold standard. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We included 15 studies with 35,551 participants from multiple ethnic groups (53.8% Caucasian) and

BACKGROUND: Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are known to play an important role in the pathophysiology of acute pancreatitis (AP). Activation of the complement cascade has been shown to occur in AP. The aim of this study was to examine whether complement component 3 is involved in the generation of NETs in AP.METHODS: AP was induced in wild-type and C3-deficient mice by retrograde infusion o

Objective: Increased renal and hepatic gluconeogenesis are important sources of fasting hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes (T2D). The inhibitory effect of co-administration of sodium nitrite and sodium hydrosulfide (NaSH) on hepatic but not renal gluconeogenesis has been reported in rats with T2D. The present study aimed to determine the effects of co-administration of sodium nitrite and NaSH on the

Coxsackievirus A24 variant (CVA24v), the main causative agent of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (AHC), can be isolated from both the eyes and lower alimentary tract. However, the molecular features of CVA24v in feces is not well-documented. In this study, we compared the VP1 and 3C sequences of CVA24v strains isolated from feces during AHC epidemics in Cuba in 1997, 2003, and 2008–2009 with thos

YAP and TAZ are transcriptional coactivators controlled by the Hippo signaling pathway and by actin dynamics, and that are critical for cell growth and organ size control. YAP and TAZ are exquisitely sensitive to mechanical cues, such as substrate stiffness and shear stress, and the realization is growing that they play roles in arterial remodeling and aneurysm formation. This chapter discusses ho

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Liver tight junctions (TJs) establish tissue barriers that isolate bile from the blood circulation. TJP2/ZO-2-inactivating mutations cause progressive cholestatic liver disease in humans. Since the underlying mechanisms remain elusive, we characterized mice with liver-specific inactivation of Tjp2.METHODS: Tjp2 was deleted in hepatocytes, cholangiocytes, or both. Effects on

Background: There is an increased susceptibility to syncope with aging attributed to age-related physiological impairments. Cerebral oxime-try non-invasively measures cerebral tissue oxygenation (SctO2) and has been shown to be valuable in syncope evaluation. SctO2 has beenfound to decrease with aging but it is unknown whether the decrease in SctO2 is related to increased susceptibility to syncope

OBJECTIVE To use islet autoantibody titers to improve the estimation of future type 1 diabetes risk in children. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Prospective cohort studies in Finland, Germany, Sweden, and the U.S. followed 24,662 children at increased genetic or familial risk to develop islet autoimmunity and diabetes. For 1,604 children with confirmed positivity, titers of autoantibodies against insu

Exercise is considered to be a "medicine" due to its modulatory roles in metabolic disorders such as diabetes and obesity. The intensity and duration of exercise determine the mechanism of energy production by various tissues of the body, especially by muscles, in which the requirement for adenosine triphosphate (ATP) increases by as much as 100-fold. Naturally, athletes try to improve their exerc

Resting heart rate is a determinant of cardiac output and physiological homeostasis. Although a simple, but critical, parameter, this vital sign predicts adverse outcomes, including mortality, and development of diseases in otherwise normal and healthy individuals. Temporal changes in heart rate can have valuable predictive capabilities. Heart rate can reflect disease severity in patients with var

This study aims to verify the nutritional value of the fatty acid (FA) profile of three fruits claimed to confer health benefits (goji berry, white mulberry, and cranberry), often referred to as “superfruits”, over three common fruits (banana, apple, and strawberry). Nineteen different FAs, ranging in concentrations between 0.018 and 9.4 mg/g dry sample were detected. Levels of very long-chained F

Aims/hypothesis: The aim of this study was to explore the utility of islet autoantibody (IAb) levels for the prediction of type 1 diabetes in autoantibody-positive children. Methods: Prospective cohort studies in Finland, Germany, Sweden and the USA followed 24,662 children at increased genetic or familial risk of developing islet autoimmunity and diabetes. For the 1403 who developed IAbs (523 of

The immune control of tuberculosis (TB) infection could be influenced by pregnancy. To elucidate this, we longitudinally characterized Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb)-specific and nonspecific immune responses in women during pregnancy and postpartum. HIV-uninfected women without past or current active TB, and with blood samples available from the 1st/2nd trimester, 3rd trimester, and 9 months pos

Failure of the β-cell to secrete enough insulin is a major contributing factor in the pathogenesis of type-2 diabetes (T2D). MicroRNAs provide an extra layer in the regulation of protein expression, and are thus involved in β-cell compensation during development of the disease. In this review, we discuss how microRNAs can regulate their target protein expression and phenotypic output, present the

The ice cover presence on the surface of a lake insulates the water body from the atmosphere. This prevents or reduces the influence of processes which depend on the exchange between the atmosphere and the water surface. This implies significant reduction or elimination of some processes taking place at the open water surface; for instance, a substantial reduction in solar energy penetrating to th

The polygenic background of selectively bred diabetes models mimics the etiology of type 2 diabetes. So far, three different rodent models (Goto-Kakizaki rats, Nagoya-Shibata-Yasuda mice, and Oikawa-Nagao mice) have been established in the diabetes research field by continuous selective breeding for glucose tolerance from outbred rodent stocks. The origin of hyperglycemia in these rodents is mainl