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The nigrostriatal dopamine (DA) system has an essential role in the selection and control of movement sequences, and its degeneration causes the characteristic motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease. Parkinsonian motor symptoms are alleviated by l-DOPA, but this treatment induces motor fluctuations and dyskinesias (abnormal involuntary movements). Clinical and experimental findings indicate that th

The purpose of this study was to investigate those parts of the care of hospitalized children that their parents perform, the nursing tasks the parents themselves felt they could manage and whether parents' and staff members' opinions coincided. A questionnaire was given to parents of children between one week and five years of age who were hospitalized at a pediatric surgical department during a

An algal-bacterial consortium was tested for the treatment from a coke factory. A Chlorella vulgaris strain and a phenol-degrading Alcaligenes sp. were first isolated from the wastewater treatment plant to serve as inocula in the subsequent biodegradation tests. Batch tests were then conducted with samples from the real wastewater or using a synthetic wastewater containing 325 mg phenol/l and 500

We present a functional limit theorem for the empirical level-crossing behaviour of a stationary Gaussian process. This leads to the well-known Slepian model process for a Gaussian process after an upcrossing of a prescribed level as a weak limit in C-space for an empirically defined finite set of functions.We also stress the importance of choosing a suitable topology by giving some natural exampl

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: It is unclear whether stroke in patients with spontaneous dissection of the cervical internal carotid artery (ICAD) is due to thromboembolism or impaired hemodynamics. This study investigated the mechanism of stroke in ICAD by examining brain imaging and cerebrovascular findings of such patients. METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated the prospectively collected brain CT, MR

An experimental model is presented that allows qualitative as well as quantitative studies of the soft tissue response to implant materials used in reconstructive surgery. Plugs of non-alloyed titanium and polymers (Teflon, Delrin) were inserted into the abdominal wall of rats, with a portion of the plug penetrating through the peritoneum into the abdominal cavity. The tissue reaction was evaluate

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The dynamics of visible-to-ultraviolet upconversion in YAlO3: 1% Er3+ crystal has been investigated using the time-resolved laser spectroscopy when the sample was excited into the S-4(3/2) multiplets. It is found that the upconverted luminescence is produced by energy-transfer upconversion or by excited-state absorption depending on the excitation wavelength. The dependence of upconverted luminesc

A hidden Markov regime is a Markov process that governs the time or space dependent distributions of an observed stochastic process. Recursive algorithms can be used to estimate parameters in mixed distributions governed by a Markov regime. Here we derive a recursive algorithm for estimation of parameters in a Markov-modulated Poisson process also called a Cox point process. By this we mean a doub

The portal appearance of enteral alpha-ketoglutarate (AKG) and the effect of enteral or parenteral AKG on portal net appearance of glucose, short-chain fatty acids, alanine, aspartate, glutamate, glutamine, proline and insulin were investigated in three growing pigs. During the experimental samplings the pigs were fed hourly with a standard feed mix with 5% glucose (control), 5% AKG (enteral) or n

The intracellular signal cascade transducing muscarinic-receptor-stimulation to gene expression was investigated in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. Naive and ethanol-exposed SH-SU5Y cells were stimulated with carbachol (CCh) and inositol 1,4-5-trisphosphate (IP3), 1,2-diacylglycerol (DAG), and c-fos mRNA levels were analyzed using a radioreceptor assay (IP3) thin-layer chromatography (DAG) and

In 1996 DG XII of the European Commission (Research and Development) approved a 3 year project on the fire performance of electrical cables. Within this FIPEC project, a major part of the work involved correlation and mathematical modelling of flame spread and heat release rate in cable installations. The FIPEC project has developed different levels of testing ranging from a small-scale, cone calo

The article discusses possible effects of the use of analgesics during pregnancy. It summarizes the pertinent literature and reports some previously unpublished data from the Swedish Medical Birth Register. Most likely the use of analgesics does not cause spontaneous abortion. Only small malformation risk increases are seen after the use of opioids and perhaps non-steroid anti-inflammatory drug (N

Many diverse metabolic processes are coupled to the turnover of the coenzyme NADP in the matrix of plant mitochondria. NADPH can be produced via the NADP-specific isocitrate dehydrogenase as well as via enzymes like NAD-malic enzyme, NAD-malate dehydrogenase and Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase. Although not NADP-specific, the latter enzymes can all catalyse the reduction of NADP+ at appre

Purified potato tuber (Solanum tuberosum L. cv Bintje) mitochondria contain soluble, highly latent NAD+- and NADP+-isocitrate dehydrogenases, NAD+- and NADP+-malate dehydrogenases, as well as an NADPH-specific glutathione reductase (160, 25, 7200, 160, and 16 nanomoles NAD(P)H per minute and milligram protein, respectively). The two isocitrate dehydrogenase activities, but not the two malate dehyd

We propose a description of nonequilibrium systems via a simple protocol that combines exchange-correlation potentials from density functional theory with self-energies of many-body perturbation theory. The approach, aimed to avoid double counting of interactions, is tested against exact results in Hubbard-type systems, with respect to interaction strength, perturbation speed and inhomogeneity, an

Several severe fires in structural elements, or so-called "structural fires", have occurred in Sweden in recent years. In order to study this phenomenon, a dozen fires in structural elements have been studied in a recent project. This paper provides a description of the characteristics of "structural fires" and examples of how such events can be managed and limited. Constructional fire protection,