Filetype
Objectives: low vitamin D during pregnancy is common and could adversely affect health outcomes. This study evaluated vitamin D status during pregnancy and early in life, and its association with glucose metabolism. Methods: maternal serum 25(OH)D, glucose, and insulin levels were measured longitudinally during pregnancy in Hispanic women with overweight/ obesity (n = 31) and their infants at birt
Background Lifestyle exposures play a major role in the development of disease, yet people vary in their susceptibility. A critical step towards precision medicine is identifying individuals who are resilient or sensitive to the environment, and, assess whether the allocation to these predicted groups are more or less likely to develop cardiometabolic disease.Methods We have used repeated data fro
The present study aims to assess the over-time association of ∼300 lifestyle exposures with nine cardiometabolic traits with the ultimate aim of identifying exposures/exposure groups that could inform lifestyle interventions aiming at controlling cardiometabolic diseases. The analyses were undertaken in a longitudinal sample comprising >31000 adults living in northern Sweden. Linear mixed models w
Evidence of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on health behaviours in the general population is limited. In this retrospective longitudinal study including UK and US participants, we collected diet and lifestyle data pre-pandemic (896,286) and peri-pandemic (291,871) using a mobile health app, and we computed a bidirectional health behaviour disruption index. Disruption of health behaviour was h
Metabolism plays a central role in evolution, as resource conservation is a selective pressure for fitness and survival.Resource-driven adaptations offer a good model to study evolutionary innovation more broadly. It remains unknown howresource-driven optimization of genome function integrates chromatin architecture with transcriptional phase transitions.Here we show that tuning of genome architec
Objectives: An observed variation in the risk of celiac disease, according to the season of birth, suggests that vitamin D may affect the development of the disease. The aim of this study was to investigate if vitamin D concentration is associated with the risk of celiac disease autoimmunity (CDA) in genetically at-risk children. Study Design: Children prospectively followed in the multinational T
Hereditary mechanisms are partially responsible for individual differences in sensitivity to and the preference for sweet taste. The primary aim of this study was to examine the associations between 10 genetic variants and the intake of total sugar, added sugar, and sugars with sweet taste (i.e., monosaccharides and sucrose) in a middle-aged Swedish population. Two single nucleotide polymorphisms
European populations are ethnically and culturally diverse due to international migration. Evidence indicates large ethnic inequalities in the prevalence of type 2 diabetes. This review discusses the burden of type 2 diabetes and its related complications, and the potential explanatory mechanisms among migrants in Europe. The current available data suggest that the rate of type 2 diabetes is highe
Organ-specific autoimmune diseases, such as type 1 diabetes, are believed to result from T-cell-mediated damage of the target tissue. The immune-mediated tissue injury, in turn, is known to depend on complex interactions between genetic and environmental factors. Nevertheless, the mechanisms whereby environmental factors contribute to the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases remain elusive and repr
Since prenatal glucocorticoids (GC) excess increases the risk of metabolic dysfunctions in the offspring and its effect on β-cell recovery capacity remains unknown we investigated these aspects in offspring from mice treated with dexamethasone (DEX) in the late pregnancy. Half of the pups were treated with streptozotocin (STZ) on the sixth postnatal day (PN). Functional and molecular analyses were
Aim: To test whether diabetes genetic risk modifies the association of successful lifestyle changes with incident diabetes. Materials and methods: We studied 823 individuals randomized to the intensive lifestyle intervention (ILS) arm of the Diabetes Prevention Programme who were diabetes-free 1 year after enrolment. We tested additive and multiplicative interactions of a 67-variant diabetes genet
Background and aims: Obesity is on the rise globally, and is a leading risk factor for T2D. However, it is very heterogeneous, with varying degrees of T2D risk within the same levels of BMI. Better classification may lead to improve outcomes of current preventive and therapeutic strategies. Moreover, by elucidating the mechanisms uncoupling obesity from T2D risk, new possible therapeutic targets m
Effects of xylooligosaccharides (XOSs) as well as a mixture of XOS, inulin, oligofructose, and partially hydrolyzed guar gum (MIX) in mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) were studied. Control groups were fed an HFD or a low-fat diet. Special attention was paid to the cecal composition of the gut microbiota and formation of short-chain fatty acids, but metabolic parameters were also documented. The XOS
Height is a highly heritable, classic polygenic trait with approximately 700 common associated variants identified through genome-wide association studies so far. Here, we report 83 height-associated coding variants with lower minor-allele frequencies (in the range of 0.1-4.8%) and effects of up to 2 centimetres per allele (such as those in IHH, STC2, AR and CRISPLD2), greater than ten times the a
Purpose: The aim of this paper is to review the evidence of the association between energy balance and obesity. Methods: In December 2015, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France convened a Working Group of international experts to review the evidence regarding energy balance and obesity, with a focus on Low and Middle Income Countries (LMIC). Results: The global epide
The changes in life-style with increased access of food and reduced physical activity have resulted in the global epidemic of obesity. Consequently, individuals with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease have also escalated. A central organ in the development of diabetes is the pancreas, and more specifically the pancreatic beta cells within the islets of Langerhans. Beta cells have been assi
Obesity is a risk factor for a plethora of severe morbidities and premature death. Most supporting evidence comes from observational studies that are prone to chance, bias and confounding. Even data on the protective effects of weight loss from randomized controlled trials will be susceptible to confounding and bias if treatment assignment cannot be masked, which is usually the case with lifestyle
