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Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and rheological analysis have been used to investigate the stability of mechanically induced tri-ethylene-glycol-mono-n-decyl-ether (C10E3)/deuterium oxide (D2O) multi-lamellar vesicles (MLVs) and the transition from MLVs to planar lamellae. It was found that MLVs prepared by vortex stirring, relax back to the lamellar phase in a few hours while the relaxati
DNA compaction can be caused by multivalent ions as condensing agents. Both discontinuous (all-or-none) and continuous (pearl-necklace structure) transitions have been observed in experiments as the concentration of the condensing agent was increased. We have investigated the DNA transition by analytical calculations in the infinite-chain limit. A mechanism for pearl-necklace structures could be a
Food hoarding and memory have primarily been studied in two bird families, the Corvidae (crows, jays, nutcrackers, etc.) and the Paridae (tits, titmice and chickadees). In both families there are species that hoard large quantities of seeds and nuts in the autumn and depend on these stores during the winter. Caches are concealed or highly inconspicuous and the most efficient way to retrieve them i
This paper addresses the relationship between organizations and the natural environment from both theoretical and empirical perspectives. In doing so, it contributes in three ways. First, it satisfies the need for more political perspectives in enviromnent-related research. Second, by analyzing the end-of-life vehicle issue that the European automobile industry addressed in the 1990s, the paper sa
Anesthetized, paralyzed and mechanically ventilated pigs were hypoventilated to extreme hypercapnia (PaCO2 approximately 20 kPa) at FiO2 0.5, and allotted to a hypothermic group (31.5 +/- 0.1 degrees C, n = 6) or a control group (39.6 +/- 0.2 degrees C, n = 6). Compared with the controls, the hypothermic animals had higher PaO2 (19.2 vs 15.6 kPa, P < 0.05), SaO2 (97.2 vs 89.3%), SvO2 (78.7 vs 68.2
Mycorrhizal short roots of Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud colonized by Suillus variegatus (Sow. ex Fr.) O. Kuntze or Paxillus involutus (Batsch) Fr. were collected 1->60 days after fungal contact. The proteins of the inoculated roots were extracted, electrophoretically separated, blotted and immunostained for alpha-tubulin and actin. The development of the mycorrhiza was also followed microscopical
BACKGROUND: Mouse models are extensively used to study genetic and immunological mechanisms of potential importance to inflammatory airway diseases, e.g. asthma. However, the airway pathophysiology in allergic mice has received less attention. For example, plasma extravasation and the ensuing tissue-deposition of plasma proteins, which is a hallmark of inflammation, has not been examined in allerg
A lifetime analysis using the Doppler-shift attenuation method has been performed on the Tellurium isotopes Te-110,Te-112. The experiment was performed using the Gammasphere array in conjunction with the MICROBALL charged-particle detector. Three strongly coupled bands were previously established in Te-110,Te-112 which were observed up to unusually high spins. In the current experiment, it has bee
The present investigation deals with the main factors involved in early infection of nematode eggs by fungal parasites. We studied the effect of hydrophobicity on appressorium formation by germlings of Pochonia rubescens (syn. Verticillium suchlasporium), P. chlamydosporia (syn. V. chlamydosporium) and Lecanicillium lecanii (syn. V. lecanii). Appressoria were frequently formed on hydrophobic surfa
Over the past decade, neural grafting has emerged as a new treatment option for Parkinson's disease. When performed successfully, grafts of human embryonic neural tissue can give rise to major symptomatic relief in patients, However, a recent report on a double-blind placebo control study, which received worldwide attention, described less pronounced beneficial effects of the grafts, and found the
Knowledge of the three-dimensional orthogonal directions of wood material at any position within a tree is necessary for the understanding of strength reducing effects of knots and essential for the continuation of research in areas which relate small clear wood specimen behavior to the behavior of full size structural timber. A complete three-dimensional paradigm describing the geometry of knots
Liver plays a vital role in the production and catabolism of plasma lipoproteins. It depends on the integrity of cellular function of liver, which ensures homeostasis of lipid and lipoprotein metabolism. When liver cancer occurs these processes are impaired and high-density lipoproteins are changed. (C) 2007 The WJG Press. All rights reserved.
The coexistence of two lamellar liquid crystalline phases has been investigated by means of Monte Carlo simulations. The surfaces of the negatively charged bilayers formed by the surfactant molecules are modeled as planar infinite walls with a uniform surface charge density. Water is treated as a dielectric continuum, and only electrostatic interactions are considered. The counterions are mono- an
Parametric linkage analysis is usually used to find chromosomal regions linked to a disease (phenotype) that is described with a specific genetic model. This is done by investigating the relations between the disease and genetic markers, that is, well-characterized loci of known position with a clear Mendelian mode of inheritance. Assume we have found an interesting region on a chromosome that we
Large eddy simulations (LES) of the flow in stirred tanks were performed. One of the advantages with LES is that it can provide details of the flow field that cannot be obtained with so-called Reynolds averaged equations and the corresponding models. Simulations were done on both single and multi-impeller systems. Both Rushton and curved-blade radial impellers were studied in both a fixed and a ro
We have used the density functional B3LYP method to study the effect of hydrogen bonds from the histidine ligand in various haem proteins to carboxyl groups or to the carbonyl backbone. Hydrogen bonds to carbonyl groups (encountered in globins and cytochromes, for example) have a small influence on the geometry and properties of the haem site. However, hydrogen bonds to a carboxyl group (encounter
The second coding exon of the adenosine A, receptor gene was eliminated by homologous recombination. The phenotype of mice (mixed C57B6/129OlaHsd background) was studied, using siblings from matings of heterozygous mice. Among the offspring the ratio between+/+, +/-and -/-animals was 1:2:1. Over the first half-year-at least-growth and viability were the same in all genotypes. Binding of A(1) ligan
