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Fatigue safety verification of existing bridges that uses ''re-calculation'' based on codes, usually results in insufficient fatigue safety, triggering invasive interventions. Instead of “re-calculation”, Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) should be used for the assessment of the existing bridges. Monitoring systems provide data that can reduce uncertainties associated with the fatigue loading pro

Whatever type of human and economic activity we study, we find that it is not evenly spread out in space, but instead concentrated to a rather limited number of countries, regions and cities. What in particular is noticeable is that certain places, typically large city regions, host a large share of the wealth and knowledge generated in the modern world. Despite what we can read in the popular pre

The new species Candelaria fibrosoides is described. It is known from one locality in Ayacucho in Peru where it was found growing at high altitudes on shrubs and cacti in open pasture land. The new species is superficially similar to C. fibrosa but differs in having 8-spored asci and a thallus with an ecorticate lower surface.

Jordan population have increased 3 million in the last five years. 1.5Million are refugees from Syria. 800 thousand are inside refugeecamps in the northern part of Jordan. 100 thousand are situated inZaatari camp which is located 10 kilometres east of Mafraq city. Thisenormous influx increased solid waste volume generated by 480 tonsdaily. The additional waste generation has exacerbated pre-existi

This chapter reviews the experience of one country from the European periphery, Spain, in the period 1960 to 1990. It addresses the possibilities to build up an operative welfare state after recent democratization—past the golden age of economic growth in Western economies, and during the second globalization. The new context made it difficult to develop determined redistributive policies where th

Is China a superhero intent on saving the world economy or a monster focused on damaging the global environment? As a developing country with the largest population in the world, China has wrought a stunning miracle of economic development. However, this rapid economic growth, like a double-edged sword, has given rise to severe environmental problems, such as climate change, water pollution and re

Technological environments provide multiple conditions for the development of technology-based business and intellectual properties. Over the last decades, the Chilean government has designed/implemented a technology, innovation, and entrepreneurship policy framework. This chapter analyzes the technology transfer policy framework’s evolutionary process and its effectiveness. This chapter adopts a