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In today's world, there is an increasing trend towards the use of renewable, cheap and readily available biomass in the production of a wide variety of fine and bulk chemicals in different biorefineries. Biorefineries utilize the activities of microbial cells and their enzymes to convert biomass into target products. Many of these processes require enzymes which are operationally stable at high te
All service control nodes, for example Web sites or Mobile Switching Centers, can be modeled as server systems with one or more servers processing the incoming requests. To avoid overload at the service control node different types of admission control mechanisms are usually implemented. In this paper we discuss, from a control point of view, the modeling of a service control-node. The queue is as
A systematic review of radiation therapy trials in several turnout types was performed by The Swedish Council of Technology Assessment in Health Care (SBU). The procedures for evaluation of the scientific literature are described separately (Acta Oncol 2003; 42: 357-365). This synthesis of the literature on radiation therapy for rectal cancer is based on data from 42 randomized trials and 3 meta-a
The interaction between localized and extended vibrational modes in solids is of central importance in understanding how local vibrational modes (LVMs) decay into phonons. In this study, we have investigated interstitial oxygen (O-i) in silicon as a model 'laboratory' for such local-extended mode interactions. Using hydrostatic pressure and infrared spectroscopy, we brought the stretch mode of O-1
Recently, substantial progress has been made in detection and observation of non-aqueous phase liquids (NAPLs) in the subsurface using different experimental techniques. However, there is still a lack of appropriate direct methods to measure the saturation of NAPL theta(NAPL)). This paper provides a guide for estimating theta(NAPL) and water content (theta(a)) in unsaturated and saturated sand bas
Pancreatic tissue grafting is by far the most physiological therapeutic solution to the insulin deficiency of diabetes. Recent clinical trials have indicated somewhat successful use of nonsteroidal immunosuppressive regimens and a successful nonhuman primate trial using CD154 for costimulation blockade was reported. However, these protocols need to be replaced with safe and efficacious ones in whi
Electron emission, in resonance with soft X-ray absorption, appears to provide a measure of the dispersion of the highest occupied and the lowest, core-hole distorted, unoccupied pi-bands in poly(p-phenylenevinylene).
A general formalism is presented for the interpretation of experiments in which a laser pulse (or pump pulse) creates charge carriers that are subsequently probed by a broadband THz pulse (or probe pulse). The time dependence of the sample properties is described in terms of the conductivity (,), where the dependence on frequency describes the intrinsic properties of the charge carriers and the de
Hypoglycemic sulfonylureas represent a group of clinically useful antidiabetic compounds that stimulate insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells. The molecular mechanisms involved are not fully understood but are believed to involve inhibition of potassium channels sensitive to adenosine triphosphate (KATP channels) in the beta cell membrane, causing membrane depolarization, calcium influx, an
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The aim of the study was to determine the prevalences of carotid artery disease and major and minor potential cardioembolic sources (1) in patients with cerebral infarction and age-matched control subjects and (2) in different clinical subtypes of cerebral infarction. METHODS: A series of 166 consecutive patients with cerebral infarction and 59 control subjects was examined
Two superdeformed (SD) bands extending over eight to eleven transitions have been identified in Zr-83, The quadrupole moment of the more intense band was determined by the Residual Doppler Shift Method and is consistent with a quadrupole deformation of beta(2) approximate to 0.5. The large quadrupole moment and population intensity of the yrast SD band (approximate to 5%) in Zr isotopes relative t
We study two-terminal hole spin transport in a p-type, light-hole-heavy-hole coupled, quantum-well system under the influence of Rashba spin-orbit interaction. An expression for the spin polarization of the outgoing hole flux is derived. It is shown that the in-plane spin polarization vanishes identically whenever the outgoing lead supports only heavy-hole channels. This result is independent of t
BACKGROUND: Deep sternal wound infection is a serious and potentially lethal complication of cardiac surgery when performed through a median sternotomy. We describe the outcome of a new treatment strategy with C-reactive protein level-guided vacuum-assisted closure used at our department. METHODS: Data from 16 consecutive adult patients who had deep sternal wound infections after cardiac surgery w
This work focus on the functions by which the transcription factor Early B-cell Factor (EBF) regulate gene expression in different cell types. To address this question, gene expression analyses aimed to investigate the regulatory role of EBF in neuroblastoma cells, B-lymphocytes, adipocytes and stromal cells were performed. The addresses question is of crucial importantse for the understanding of
Background: Gene duplication followed by the functional divergence of the resulting pair of paralogous proteins is a major force shaping molecular networks in living organisms. Recent species-wide data for protein-protein interactions and transcriptional regulations allow us to assess the effect of gene duplication on robustness and plasticity of these molecular networks. Results: We demonstrate t
