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Improved water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) are significant in preventing diarrhea morbidity and mortality caused by protozoa in low- and middle-income countries. Due to the intimate and complex relationships between the different WASH components, it is often necessary to improve not just one but all of these components to have sustainable results. The objective of this paper was to review the c

Background: T lymphocytes exert important homeostatic functions in the healthy intestinal mucosa, whereas in case of colorectal cancer (CRC), infiltration of T lymphocytes into the tumor is crucial for an effective anti-tumor immune response. In both situations, the recruitment mechanisms of T lymphocytes into the tissues are essential for the immunological functions deciding the outcome. The recr

This chapter outlines the methods currently employed in cancer cytogenetics, spanning from chromosome banding to array- and sequencing-based techniques. A correct sampling procedure is the basis for correct scientific and diagnostic conclusions. Chromosome preparation requires live cells, whereas in situ hybridization at least requires intact nuclei, and genome arrays as well as sequencing rely on

WHO estimated in 2002 that 1.4 million children in the world would die from preventable diseases (World Health Organization, 2010). Each child is, or should be, immunized according to their national immunization schedule, which regulates i.e. vaccines and doses. Problems emerge when immigrant children should be transferred from one national vaccination schedule into another. This problem is quite

Abstract: Animal models of Parkinson's disease (PD) are important for understanding the mechanisms of the disease and can contribute to developing and validating novel therapeutics. Ideally, these models should replicate the cardinal features of PD, such as progressive neurodegeneration of catecholaminergic neurons and motor defects. Many current PD models emphasize pathological forms of α-synucle

Fuel cells produce low quantities of local emissions, if any, and are therefore one of the most promising alternatives to internal combustion engines as the main power source in future vehicles. It is likely that urban buses will be among the first commercial applications for fuel cells in vehicles. This is due to the fact that urban buses are highly visible for the public, they contribute signifi

Background: At present a majority of older people remain in their ordinary homes. Research has generated knowledge about home and health dynamics and increased the awareness of the complexity of housing as related to ageing. As this knowledge is based mainly on research on very old, single-living people in ordinary housing there is a need to study other sub-groups of the ageing population. Thus, t

The pace at which the world's ecosystems and biodiversity of, e.g., pollinators decline is currently at a rate where it is challenging to document. In recent years, our group has made an effort to bridge the disciplines of laser remote sensing and biophotonics, and we have developed lidar methods for inventorying the biosphere. Here, we present an effective method for extracting fauna observations

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The

Attention Restoration Theory point to nature as a particularly good candidate for restoring the ability to focus and inhibit distractions. However, little effort has been directed to elaborating on what makes nature's visual pattern unique for restoration purposes. One suggested explanation is the fractal properties of natural patterns (Hagerhall, 2005). Both perception studies (Hagerhall et al.,

There has been great interest in the rationales for transformative innovation policies (TIP), including those following a mission-oriented logic. However, few studies have investigated how public administration can effectively implement TIP. To study this, we first identify from existing literature four TIP governance tasks (creating legitimacy and leadership, coordination across levels/instrument

Background: Japan lacks efficient assessment tools for occupational balance (OB) in people with mental illness (MI). Aims/objectives: We investigated the test–retest reliability and construct validity of a Japanese version of the Satisfaction with Daily Occupations and Occupational Balance (SDO-OB-J) for people with MI. Methods: SDO-OB-J interviews were conducted twice at a 2-week interval. Result

BackgroundTo enable immunotherapy for ovarian cancers, precision targets for immune priming as well as patient stratification approaches are required. The tumor microenvironment in particularly the rare subtypes of low-grade serous, mucinous, clear cell and endometrioid ovarian cancer, remains poorly characterized, and these tumors have been largely ignored in the immuno-oncology setting.MethodsWe

Primary graft dysfunction (PGD), defined as ventricular dysfunction occurring within 24 hours after heart transplantation (HTx) in the absence of identifiable secondary causes, remains a major contributor to early post-transplant mortality. Over the past decade, there has been a growing understanding of the burden of PGD, the clinical relevance of PGD classification and severity grading, and effor

The magnesium, calcium, strontium and barium ions bind six, eight, eight and nine water molecules in the first hydration shell, and ca. 12, 16, 16 and 18 water molecules in the second one, in dilute aqueous solution, respectively. With increasing concentration of alkaline earth metal halides, water molecules in the second hydration shell are exchanged for hydrated chloride and bromide ions forming