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The introduction, establishment and spread of alien species is a major threat to biodiversity and the provision of ecosystem services for human wellbeing. In order to reduce further loss of biodiversity and maintain productive and sustainable ecosystems, understanding the ecological mechanisms underlying species invasions and avoiding potentially harmful effects on native communities is urgently n
The main advantage of a heated-grid reactor for studying pyrolysis kinetics of solid fuel samples is that high heating rates of up to 1000 K/s can be obtained. However, one of the concerns is whether the temperature distribution over the grid material is uniform and whether the presence of a thermocouple welded to the grid causes any measurement errors. Biomass samples were placed on the heated-gr
Abstract not available
Despite their success in different segments of the food industry, membranes are not well-established in the beet and cane sugar industry. A comprehensive overview on the potential applications of membranes in both the beet and cane sugar industry is given. The part on the beet sugar industry focuses on pulp press water recycling, pectin production from beet pulp, beet juice purification, demineral
Fluorescence blinking behaviour was observed for single molecules of the conjugated polymer poly[2-methoxy,5-(2'-ethylhexyloxy)-p-phenylene-vinylene] (MEH-PPV) at 77 and 300 K. No strict qualitative dependence on temperature was observed, despite of the expected suppression of exciton migration at the low temperature. We assume MEH-PPV molecules to form dense nanoparticles with a characteristic si
Trait compensation occurs when mechanically independent adaptations are negatively correlated. Here, we report the first study to demonstrate trait compensation in predator-defence adaptations across several species. Freshwater pulmonate snails exposed experimentally to predation chemical cues from fishes and crushed conspecifics showed clear interspecific differences in their behavioural avoidanc
The behaviour of a male bird towards a potential mate and her clutch may depend both on his expected paternity and on the likelihood that she will produce a replacement clutch if he commits infanticide. In this study we evaluate the choices made by replacement male European starlings Sturnus vulgaris. By removing males before and during laying, we induced other males, mainly neighbours, to mate wi
This study compares the children and adult response to a novel postural challenge. One group of children (n = 13, age 7-9) and one adult reference group (n = 12 age 15-32) were subjected to vibration induced body sway and posturography with both open and closed eyes for 5 consecutive days. There was a gradual decrease of induced body sway over time in both groups (p < 0.001) between the subsequent
Popular Abstract in Swedish Vad hade vi varit utan våra sinnen? Föreställ dig en värld utan att kunna se, höra, lukta, smaka och känna. Det är med hjälp av våra sinnen som kroppen kan känna vad som händer i vår omgivning. Ett av våra sinnen är smärtsinnet, som har till uppgift att varna oss för inre och yttre faror. Trots att smärta är den i särklass vanligaste orsaken till mänskligt lidande, så äIt is frequently argued that cannabinoids exert part of their analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects via activation of the cannabinoid CB1 receptor located on TRPV1-expressing primary sensory nerve fibres in peripheral tissues. However, we find no evidence of CB1 receptor immunoreactivity on nerve fibres in rat or mouse hindpaw skin and mesenteric artery. The CB1 receptor agonists anandamide and
Sclerosing epithelioid fibrosarcoma (SEF) is a recently described entity. It is a low-grade sarcoma that occurs primarily in the deep soft tissues of the extremities of adults. It may histologically simulate benign lesions such as fibroma and myxoma or malignancies such as sclerosing carcinoma and lymphoma, extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma, clear cell sarcoma of tendons and aponeuroses, and syn
In vitro studies were performed on lymphatics obtained from the groin in 19 patients undergoing vascular surgery. The lymphatics were mounted in tissue baths, and isometric contractions were induced by increasing concentrations of the thromboxane A2 (TXA2) mimetic U-46619. In comparison to K+ (124mM)-induced contraction, which were used as an internal standard, the response to U-46619 had an Emax
Macroscopic phase separation in covalent sodium polyacrylate (PA) networks following the absorption of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide/chloride (CTAB/C) from aqueous solutions is studied experimentally and theoretically. The gels are shown to consist of a solvent-swollen polyelectrolyte network (core), surrounded by a dense surface phase (skin) of polyion/surfactant complexes. The effect of core sw
Aquaporins are water channel proteins belonging to the major intrinsic protein (MIP) superfamily of membrane proteins. More than 150 MIPs have been identified in organisms ranging from bacteria to animals and plants. In plants, aquaporins are present in the plasma membrane and in the vacuolar membrane where they are abundant constituents. Functional studies of aquaporins have hitherto mainly been
It has been predicted theoretically that for some environments, the capacity of wireless multiple-input multiple-output systems can become very low even for uncorrelated signals; this effect has been termed "keyhole" or "pinhole." In this letter, We present the (to our knowledge) first measurement of this effect. The measurements are done in a controlled indoor environment, with transmitter and re
We predict that in a narrow gap III-V semiconductor quantum well or quantum wire, an observable electron spin current can be generated with a time-dependent gate to modify the Rashba spin-orbit coupling constant. Methods to rectify the so generated ac current are discussed. An all-electric method of spin-current detection is suggested, which measures the voltage on the gate in the vicinity of a tw
Chordoma is a rare, low- to intermediate-grade malignant tumor involving the axial spine. Cytogenetic data on these tumors have been limited to 25 cases. The findings of clonal chromosome aberrations in five new cases are presented. One of these and two previously reported cases have been studied with multicolor combined binary ratio labeling fluorescence in situ hybridization (COBRA-FISH). The ka
Diabetic treatment aims at achieving a normal blood glucose concentration as reflected by the glycosylated haemoglobin concentration. Intensive treatment by insulin pump or multiple insulin injections is thought to achieve this. In an unselected group of outpatient diabetics metabolic control was the same after one, two, three, or more injections, which suggests that the mode of treatment was opti
Popular Abstract in Swedish Syftet med denna avhandling är att bidra till vår förståelse för vårdutnyttjande och dess förklaringsfaktorer i utvecklingsländer, speciellt i sub-sahariska Afrika. Detta görs genom att fokusera på sjukvårdsutgifter och dess förklaringsfaktorer, samt valet att söka vård för att bota åkomman. Datamaterialete som används kommer från en hushållsundersökning från 1998 omfatThe aim of this thesis is to contribute to our understanding of health care utilisation and its determinants in developing countries, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. This is done by explicitly focusing on health care expenditures and its determinants as well as the choice to seek health care to cure the illness. Firstly, the focus is on a household’s expenditures for health care. The aim of this
