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Catalytic reactions occurring at metal surfaces and nanoparticles have been an established research field for decades, yielding information on adsorption sites and reaction pathways under ultrahigh-vacuum conditions. Recent experimental developments have made it possible to perform well-controlled in situ surface x-ray diffraction measurements from single-crystal surfaces and nanoparticles under i

PTEN and SHP1 are tumor suppressor genes involved in the regulation of cell cycle control and apoptosis. The authors investigated the protein expression of PTEN and SHP1, by immunohistochemistry in tissue microarrays from bone marrow samples in children, diagnosed with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia and nonmalignant controls. PTEN was overexpressed in diagnostic ALL samples, while SHP1 showed a low

The effect of external osmotic pressure on the extent of DNA ejection from bacteriophage- was recently investigated (Evilevitch et al., 2003). The total length of DNA ejected was measured via the 260-nm absorption by free nucleotides, after opening of the capsids in the presence of varying amounts of polyethylene glycol 8000 and DNase I. As a function of osmolyte concentration, this absorption was

ATP-sensitive potassium (K-ATP) channels play an important role in the regulation of cerebral vascular tone. In vitro studies using synthetic K-ATP channel openers suggest that the pharmacological profiles differ between rat basilar arteries and rat middle cerebral arteries. To address this issue, we studied the possible involvement of endothelial K-ATP channels by pressurized arteriography after

n patients with Parkinson's disease, the therapeutic efficacy of L-DOPA medication is gradually lost over time, and abnormal involuntary movements, dyskinesias, gradually emerge as a prominent side-effect in response to previously beneficial doses of the drug. Here we show that dyskinesia induced by chronic L-DOPA treatment in rats with 6-hydroxydopamine-induced lesions of the nigrostriatal dopami

The use of amino acids for the synthesis of novel surfactants with vesicle-forming properties potentially enhances the biocompatibility levels needed for a viable alternative to conventional lipid vesicles. In this work, the formation and characterization of catanionic vesicles by newly synthesized lysine- and serine-derived surfactants have been investigated by means of phase behavior mapping and

Substantial research has been dedicated to the study of the relationship between genetic mechanisms regulating cell functions in tumors and how those tumors respond to various treatment regimens. Because these mechanisms are still not well understood, we have chosen to study the genetic makeup of 57 tumor samples from patients with follicular lymphoma (FL). Our goal was to develop a prognostic too

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a clinically heterogeneous disease with no known single predisposing genetic factor shown in all cases. Recently, a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) T393C in the GNAS1 gene has been reported to have a clinical impact on CLL progression and overall survival. In order to further investigate the T393C SNP in CLL, we have genotyped 279 CLL cases and correlated

A distinctive feature of BRCA1-linked breast cancers is that they typically do not express estrogen receptor-alpha (ERalpha). Previous investigation suggests that methylation of CpGs within the ERa promoter mediates repression of gene expression in some ERalpha-negative breast cancers. To determine if methylation of CpGs within the ERalpha promoter is associated with BRCA1-linked breast cancers, w

Background: Acute pancreatitis (AP) is still one of the severe diseases, that cause the development of multiple organ dysfunction with a high mortality. Effective therapies for AP are still limited, mainly due to unclear mechanisms by which A-P initiates both pancreatic and extrapancreatic organ injury. Methods: Protease inhibitors (aprotinin, pefabloc, trypsin inhibitor) and PKC inhibitors (polym

Exposure to hormone-replacement therapy (HRT) has consistently been associated with an increased incidence of breast cancer, particularly of small tumours. Other tumour characteristics in relation to HRT have received less scientific attention. Our aim in this population-based prospective cohort study was to assess whether HRT is associated with an increased incidence of breast-cancer subgroups de

Objective To establish whether reinstitutionalisation is occurring in mental health care mid, if so, with What variations between Western European countries. Design Comparison of data on changes in service provision. Setting Six European countries with different traditions of mental health care that have all experienced deinstitutionalisation since the 1970s - England, Germany, Italy, the Netherla

This paper presents a rigorous time-variant analysis of the 1/f MOS device noise upconversion into 1/f^3 phase noise for two of the most popular parallel-coupled quadrature CMOS harmonic oscillators. Simple closed-form equations for the fundamental 1/f^3 phase-noise spectrum are derived and validated through SpectreRF simulations, proving that the two topologies display remarkably different sensit

Photoinduced electron transfer processes in dye-semiconductor systems are studied employing a recently proposed method based on a model Hamiltonian where the parameters are determined by first-principles electronic structure calculations. The systems investigated include the molecules pyridine and perylene, which are anchored via phosphonic or carboxylic acid groups to a titanium dioxide nanoclust

The study was performed to characterize pharmacologically the contractile 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) receptors in the circular smooth muscle of the isolated human umbilical artery. Effects of agonists and antagonists for different 5-HT receptor subtypes were studied in intact endothelium vessel segments. All agonists induced concentration-dependent circular smooth muscle contractions. The potency

We have seen that protein kinase Calpha (PKCalpha) is transiently translocated to the plasma membrane by carbachol stimulation of neuroblastoma cells. This is induced by the Ca2+ increase, and PKCalpha does not respond to diacylglycerol (DAG). The unresponsiveness is dependent on structures in the catalytic domain of PKCalpha. This study was designed to investigate if and how the kinase activity a