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Populärvetenskaplig sammanfattning: Under alla tider har planeten Jorden genomgått en naturlig klimat variation. Utöver denna naturliga variation i klimatet, så har människan, under det senaste århundradet, medverkat till en ökning av växthusgaser i atmosfären. Detta kan innebära att växthuseffekten intensifieras och Jorden bli utsatt för onaturliga temperaturökningar. Koldioxid (CO2), från bland In the context of climate change, it is important to understand how the terrestrial carbon cycle is interacting with the anthropogenic increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration. Boreal and subarctic regions in the northern hemisphere are great carbon pools, as well as they are subject to predicted warming. These facts place them in the absolute frontline of ecosystems that are to

Women’s empowerment is thought to be one of the main issues when talking about gender equality, economic growth and poverty in the academic world today. In India many states are using a reservation bill to ensure women’s participation in the political decision-making at local level. Is this the right way to go and are women getting empowered due to this? This paper discusses the impact of the 73rd

This essay aims to examine whether there is a partisan influence on local government spending using three different measures, ideology, fragmentation and constellations of government. The ideology measure examines the share of socialists (left-wing parties) in the council. Fragmentation consists of a Herfindahl index which uses information on number of parties in the council and their respective s

Inter-firm contractual arrangements characteristically form the back-bone of a business relationship, and are facilitated by a mix of informal and formal governance structures. In the lead-up to and post WTO accession, the Chinese government implemented wide-ranging reforms to its business environment. As a result, the use of inter-firm contracts as a business norm has been influenced by legislati

This thesis explores the patterns of shared e-scooter usage in the cities of Oslo and Stockholm, with a focus on understanding how these trips relate to public transport services. While e-scooter usage has soared during the last decade, policy makers, urban and transportation planners attempt to understand this new phenomenon and its effect to public transport. Geographic Information Systems (GIS)

Gas in Scattering Media Absorption Spectroscopy (GASMAS) is a near-infrared (IR) optical spectroscopy technique showing great potential in the continuous, non-invasive monitoring of the lungs. While the feasibility of GASMAS has been proven in neonatal lung studies, applying the technique to older children and adults is challenging. The increased tissue thickness strongly attenuates the signal, ne

Next-generation sequencing (NGS) has transformed the study of antibody repertoires by enabling high-throughput, in-depth analysis of immune diversity and antigen-driven selection. When paired with in vitro display technologies, NGS offers unparalleled resolution in characterizing antibody libraries, but also presents substantial computational challenges due to the highly variable nature of antibod

Although Fourier Neural Operators (FNOs) are computationally efficient and theoretically mesh-independent, their standard formulation assumes periodic boundary conditions and rectangular domains. When applied to non-periodic conditions, FNOs often exhibit oscillations, edge effects, and reduced accuracy. To mitigate these issues, this study investigates modifications to the baseline FNO, including

Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) has emerged as a promising architecture for improving the accuracy and contextual relevance of large language models, particularly in high-stakes domains such as the financial sector. This thesis explores how Scandinavian financial institutions perceive and address the security risks associated with RAG systems. Guided by the CIAAN framework (Confidentiality, I

This paper focuses on the detection of structural breaks in the second-order matrices of multivariate time series. A comprehensive simulation-based comparison is conducted to measure the performance of three widely cited nonparametric methods that allow for serial dependence in the data: the pure CUSUM procedure with binary segmentation in Aue et al., (2009), the CUSUM-based sparsified binary segm

This thesis examines the Indonesian Government Regulation 25/24, which enables re-ligious organizations to obtain mining concessions, focusing on the socio-legal ten-sions, and power dynamics between the government, regulation, and religious organi-zations. The thesis’ primary purpose is to critically analyze how regulation that is pre-sented in neutral and technocratic language and can be utilize

Amid an escalating climate crisis, Germany faces growing political polarisation and declining support for climate policy. The mobility transition has emerged as a symbolic and emotionally charged ‘cultural battleground’, where debates around fossil-fuel dependency are deeply entangled with identities and power structures. This study examines the role of hegemonic masculinities in shaping socio-pol

The overall theme for this thesis is circular economy and how it relates to resilience, specifically urban and economic resilience, by using Uppsala municipality as a case study. By conducting semi-structured interviews with municipal connected employees, along with analysing relevant municipal documents and statements, this paper examines how these two concepts relate to one another in a practica

In communication and management research, employee voice has been widely acknowledged as a central component for organizations long term development and survival. With the increasing digitalization and need for flexibility, digital workplace meetings have become a common form of communication, demonstrating a new arena where employee voice is expressed and shaped. Thus, the aim of this study is to

Student Brand Ambassadorship: The Influence of Identification with the University on Student Advocacy in Higher Education Institutions This study investigates how students’ identification with the university influences their willingness to engage in brand-supporting behaviors, conceptualized as student brand ambassadorship. This study argues for a differentiation between university as organizatio

The documented adverse effects of climate change have led to national and international efforts to reduce global carbon emissions during recent decades. Significant decarbonisation requires not only a reduction in the production and use of fossil fuels, but a transformation of the entire energy system itself, transitioning away from fossil fuels to renewable energy sources. This large-scale transi

Post-festival residual inventory is a recurring challenge for small independent retailers, especially when products are tied to specific festivals, gifting occasions or seasonal selling windows. Existing research has examined markdown pricing, product deletion, and reverse logistics primarily in large retail chains or formal supply-chain systems, while paying less attention to how small independen

This thesis examines the extent to which EU directives on information and consultation enable employees, through employees’ representatives, to influence employer decision-making before final decisions are adopted, particularly in situations involving restructuring and collective redundancies. The analysis focuses on four central directives within the EU framework: the Information and Consultation

Extreme rainfall can disrupt public transport networks by flooding stops, route segments, and transfer connections. This study assesses the vulnerability and structural resilience of Gothenburg’s multimodal public transport network under a climate-adapted 100-year rainfall scenario. It also examines whether walking-scooter transfer links, which represent transfers using walking access and shared e