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HIV-1 evolves constantly within an infected individual, due to its mutation-prone viral enzyme, high viral turnover and pressure from the host immune system. Therefore, viruses isolated at different time points from the same individual are never exactly the same and, accordingly, rarely function the same way. However, if we can understand how HIV-1 phenotypically evolves in the newly infected host
Stora inlandsisar har vid upprepade tillfällen täckt Sveriges yta och den senast inlandsisen började dra sig tillbaka från Bohusläns kust för ca 15 000 år sedan. En inlandsis rör sig sakta framåt över underlaget och när den gör så kan stenar infrusna i isens botten skrapa berggrunden och bilda långa räfflor, flisor kan brytas loss ur berget och stora block kan också frysa fast i isen och transportRamsvikslandet on the Swedish west coast is characterized by exposed bedrock hills with numerous glacial erosional forms. Previous research in the area has mostly focused on individual forms and their relation to the larger forms, such as roches moutonnées. This study takes a more large-scale perspective and aims to reconstruct the subglacial processes based on the erosional forms and their distri
Populärvetenskaplig sammanfattning: Skåne är till stor del täckt av sedimentära, avlagrade bergarter t.ex. sandsten och kalksten, samt mycket yngre istidsavlagringar. Den kristallina berggrunden i Skåne utgör grunden för sedimenten och bildades huvudsakligen för mer än 1200 miljoner år sedan. Denna berggrund är bara synlig i de stora nordvästriktade horstar (åsar), som utgör ett markant drag i SkåThe Precambrian crystalline basement in Skåne only outcrops in the large NW striking Horsts that are roughly parallel to the Tornquist Zone. In the south-easternmost part of the Linderödsåsen Horst in SE Skåne, the Stenshuvud porphyritic granitoids previously considered to be Palaeoproterozoic volcanic rocks, have been recently dated to 1458 Ma. This indicates that these rocks are coeval with the
Populärvetenskaplig sammanfattning: För drygt 500 miljoner år sedan var Sverige beläget söder om ekvatorn och utgjorde tillsammans med resten av Skandinavien och östra Europa en kontinent kallad Baltica. Vid denna tid, under den period som kallas kambrium, var klimatet ganska kallt. I början av kambrium började havet stiga upp över Baltica så att dagens Skåne, samt övriga delar av Sverige, täcktesA core drilling at Almbacken in Södra Sandby, Scania, southern Sweden, penetrated a c. 30 m thick succession of Middle Cambrian-upper Lower Cambrian strata. The Middle Cambrian of this core is the most complete one so far documented in Scania. The core contains a stratigraphical sequence from the Lejopyge laevigata Zone (upper Paradoxides forchhammeri Stage) to the Holmia kjerulfi-group Zone (uppe
Populärvetenskaplig sammanfattning: Den skandinaviska bergskedjan bildades för ungefär en halv miljard år sedan genom att tunna plattor av berggrund, s.k. skollor, sköts upp över varandra då vår kontinent, Baltica, och den nordamerikanska kontinenten, Laurentia, kolliderade. Bergarterna i de olika skollorna är mycket olika, dels för att de från början hade olika sammansättning t.ex. sandsten elleThe bedrock of the Ålkatj-Tielma massif in the central part of the Sarek National Park in the northern Scandinavian Mountains, has never before been investigated. This massif was mapped during the summer of 1997 and the bedrock consists entirely of Caledonian nappes. The lowermost unit in the study area is the Akkajaure Nappe Complex (ANC), consisting of variably deformed thrust sheets of Precambr
Populärvetenskaplig sammanfattning: Sölvesborgs kommun i västra Blekinge ser med viss oro på sin framtida vattenförsörjning. Denna baseras sig till allra största del på grundvatten som tas från vattenförande sedimentberggrund liggande ca 40-70 m under markytan. Att detta grundvatten har god kvalitet är vitalt för kommunen. Tidigare har det förekommit problem med förhöjda salthalter (NaCl) i grundvThe municipality of Sölvesborg, western Blekinge, is somewhat concerned about their future water supply. Problems with salty groundwater have occurred, and two municipal groundwater wells has been closed because of too high chloride ion concentrations. High chloride ion concentrations gives the water a salty, unpleasant taste and has a corroding effect on metals. This investigation has been carrie
Chemical management services (CMS) is an application of the Product Service System in the chemical sector. It is a new business model based on a long term relation between customers and service suppliers, who both have the same goal of reducing the costs and volume of chemicals used in the customer's processes. CMS started in the early 1980's in the US and transferred to Europe later. CMS
Objective: This multiple case study investigated support and process in the Individual Placement and Support (IPS) approach from individual client, longitudinal and Person-Environment-Occupation (PEO) model perspectives. Participants: Five IPS-participants, or cases, with severe mental illness (SMI) who worked a minimum of 4 hours a week entered the study. Methods: A multiple data collectio
The magnesium, calcium, strontium and barium ions bind six, eight, eight and nine water molecules in the first hydration shell, and ca. 12, 16, 16 and 18 water molecules in the second one, in dilute aqueous solution, respectively. With increasing concentration of alkaline earth metal halides, water molecules in the second hydration shell are exchanged for hydrated chloride and bromide ions forming
Risk assessment regarding transportation of hazardous material is a central decision support in urban planning close transportation routes for hazardous material in Sweden. Risk assessment regarding transportation of hazardous is also uncertain and can give various results. In order to highlight this a comparative study is made to describe the differences in risk assessments both regarding impleme
Vår hud är hem för en stor grupp av mikroorganismer, hudens mikroflora, som påverkar vår hälsa och vårt välbefinnande. Ändå finns det många aspekter av detta ämne som ännu är outforskade. Detta projekt syftade till att optimera en metod för analys av hudens mikroflora och effekten av hudvårdsprodukter på hudens mikroflora, från provtagning och provberedning till analys med kvantitativ polymeraskedOur skin is home to a vast community of microorganisms, the skin micro flora, which affect our health and well-being. Yet, there are many aspects of this topic that are still unexplored. This project aimed to optimize a method for analysis of the skin micro flora and the effect of skin care products on the skin micro flora, from sampling and sample preparation to analysis with quantitative polymer
Popular Abstract in Swedish Förekomsten av typ 1 (insulinberoende) diabetes före 15 års ålder har ökat under de senaste åren (Fig. 1) och barnen är allt yngre vid insjuknandet. Sjukdomen anses vara autoimmun, vilket innebär att kroppens eget immunförsvar angriper de insulinproducerande ?-cellerna i bukspottkörteln. En ärftlig benägenhet, som fr.a. är kopplad till s.k. vävnadsantigen på cellerna, mThe intention of this thesis was to investigate autoimmune markers for type 1 diabetes, together with signs of enterovirus infections during the pre- and perinatal period of life, and their possible association with the development of diabetes during childhood, adolescence, and young adulthood. We found that: 1. Newborns with ABO immunization, linked in epidemiological studies with heightened diab
Popular Abstract in Swedish Framväxten av affärssystem under 1990 talet är en av de mest betydelsefulla utvecklingarna inom verksamhetsstödjande informationssystem. Affärssystem karaktäriseras av omfattande branschtäckning, stor funktionalitet, generisk lösning, processorientering, integrerad lösning och centralt dataformat, som tillsammans gör affärssystem kanske till den hittills mest komplexa oEnterprise Systems are one of the most important developments in corporate information systems during the last decade. These integrated information systems are characterized by a number of features which include a very broad scope and functionality, as well as being generic, master data, and business-process orientated. Together, these features make Enterprise Systems unique vis-à-vis other inform
Models of Parkinson's disease (PD) based on selective neuronal death have been used to study pathogenic mechanisms underlying nigral cell death and in some instances to develop symptomatic therapies. For validation of putative neuroprotectants, a model is desirable in which the events leading to neurodegeneration replicate those occurring in the disease. We developed a human in vitro model of PD b
AIMS: This study sets out to investigate direct care staff's views of their need for support, supervision, and training in their practice in day care settings when supporting daily occupations among developmentally disabled persons. BACKGROUND: The first line staff are considered as having a prominent role in the successful delivery of service. METHODS: Three municipalities, one urban and two rura
Context: Protein profiling of diabetic tissues could provide useful biomarkers for early diagnosis, therapeutic targets, and disease response markers. Cultured fibroblasts are a useful in vitro model for proteome analysis and study of the molecular mechanisms involved in diabetes. Objective: The objective of the study was to isolate and characterize the proteins of cultured fibroblasts, obtained b
Transgenic mice were generated expressing NK1.1, an NK cell-associated receptor, under control of the human CD2 promoter. Unexpectedly, one of the founder lines, Tg66, showed a marked defect in thymic development characterized by disorganized architecture and small size. Mapping of the transgene insertion by fluorescence in situ hybridization revealed integration in chromosome 2, band G. Already f
Popular Abstract in Swedish Sedimentära bergarter såsom t.ex. sandstenar och lerskiffrar, bildas genom att lösa sediment (t.ex. sand och lera) ”bakas” hårda när de sjunker ned i jordskorpan. Anledningen till att många lagerföljder rör sig nedåt i jordskorpan beror till viss del på de ovanliggande sedimentens tyngd, men är i huvudsak ett resultat av de platt-tektoniska rörelser som hela tiden påverPost-depositional thermal conditions have been investigated throughout the Phanerozoic sedimentary succession in Skåne. Clay mineralogy and illite crystallinity have been the main tools for the Lower Palaeozoic strata. Within the Mesozoic sequence thermal influence was examined using RockEval pyrolysis and vitrinite reflectance analysis. Clay mineralogy of the Lower Palaeozoic shales and mudstone
