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Utvecklingen inom den kommunala sektorn har under de senaste sextio åren gått från lekmannaförvaltningar till stora förvaltningsorganisationer. Antalet primärkommuner har minskat från 2500 till 290 och antalet förtroendevalda med kommunala uppdrag har minskat till en femtedel under samma period. Förändringarna har inneburit en ökad byråkrati och professionalisering av de kommunala förvaltningsmynd
In China, strict goal-oriented population control has been the reality for Chinese citizens since 1979. According to the Chinese population policy, Chinese citizens are only allowed to give birth to one child, with a few exceptions. The population policy has been strictly monitored by the government and implemented with highly questionable means clearly violating human rights. Ideological educatio
MIFO is a methodology commonly used to facilitate inventory of potentially contaminated sites (objects) in Sweden. It was first introduced during the 1990’s and has since then served as a standardized method for risk assessment. MIFO are comprised of two evaluation phases,1 and 2. Following years of inventories, there is now an extensive amount of data stored in files which can be used as an asses
This thesis has investigated the potential benefits of using transfer learning when training convolu- tional neural networks for the task of autonomously driving a car. Three transfer learning networks were trained and compared with a conventionally trained convolutional neural network. The first conclusion is that training, as expected, is considerably quicker when using transfer learning. More s
Skatterättslig företrädaransvar innebär att en företrädare för ett bolag blir solidariskt betalningsansvarig med bolaget för dess obetalda skatter. När Skatteverket upptäcker obetalda skatter hos bolag och anser att företrädaren har agerat uppsåtligen eller grovt oaktsamt ansöker de om företrädaransvar hos förvaltningsrätten. Företrädaren kan sedan bli befriad från betalningsansvaret om särskilda Liability of a representative within the area of tax law means that a representative of a legal entity becomes jointly liable with the company for the company's unpaid taxes. When the Swedish Tax Agency discovers such an unpaid tax, they apply for liability of a representative at the administrative court if they consider that the representative has acted intentionally or grossly negligently. T
Byggprocessen har en omfattande roll i det infrastrukturella bygget och utgör grunden till en byggnation. Man kan uttrycka byggprocessen som en helhetsbild av hur uppförandet av en byggnad/anläggning går till. Många olika aktörer är involverade i denna process. Byggprocessen innefattar allt från inventeringar, behovsutredningar, gestaltningar till tekniska lösningar, produktion och förvaltning. ÄvThe construction process has a profound role withing the infrastructure, and lais the foundation for the construction itself. It can be described as layout of how the construction will be managed, provided for and organized. Therefore, this process involves several actors. The construction process involves activities such as inventory, needs investigations, designs for technical solutions, product
I ett försök att kunna straffa brott med rasistiska motiv hårdare infördes den s.k. straffskärpningsregeln, i 29 kap. 2 § 7 p. BrB under 1990-talet. Den ger domstolen möjligheten att skärpa straffet för ett brott, om motivet varit helt eller delvis hatiskt. Lagstiftaren har infört regeln för att skapa ett mer enhetligt och frekvent beaktande av hatmotiv, samtidigt som den ska fungera som ett förläIn an attempt to enable to punish crimes with racist motives the so called punishment harshening rule was added to the Penal Code during the 1990s. It gives the court the opportunity to harshen the punishment for a crime, if the perpetrator have had a hateful motive, competely or partially. The rule is legislated to create a more uniform and frequent consideration of hateful motives throughout the
The purpose of this thesis was to describe, interpret and compare the set of rules in Swedish civil law regarding repayment of unlawful transactions done before a Limited Company has become bankrupt. This paper is merely based on the rules of refunding according to the Bankruptcy Act and the rules invented to prevent illegal dividend of profit in limited companies according to the Limited Company
The trademark term has grown and evolved with time. Promoting phrases, i.e. slogans, are one type of mark that may be protected through trademark law. However, this process has not been simple. The inherent characteristics of slogans have caused great hesitation regarding their protection. Slogans consist of a number of words, sometimes full sentences, and often, include advertising messages. Can
The purpose of this paper was to gain knowledge about how our senior citizens living in institutions manage their everyday life. Do they get a say on what should be done and how? Do they want to make their own decisions and is it possible for them to express needs and wishes? Is there a way to combine this sort of influence on your own way of living with the fact that many of these elderly people
Title: Planning for Supplier Base Reduction - understanding Supplier Base Reduction’s role in purchasing. A case study at Alfa Laval AB Authors: Fabian Karlsson and Sebastian Eriksson-Ritzén Supervisors: Ala Pazirandeh, Department of Industrial Management and Logistics, Lund University Markus Ekendahl, Alfa Laval AB Background: Today individual businesses do not compete as isolated entities, but r
The precise valuation and correct assessment of the value of imported goods should be preceded by determining the value of imported goods for Customs purposes. The provisions regulating the Customs valuation are overlapped and complicated; the reason which prompted the Author, through this paper, to eliminate this overlaps and simplify the complexity, using a new approach represented by reclassify
Problem definition: SPAGO Imaging AB is developing a new contrast agent for Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). In approximately 5 years, the product will be launched on the market. The company is therefore about to look for investors to fund the development and growth. To gain investors interest, a clearly defined market for this sort of contrast agent is required. Purpose: The purpose of this thes
Nynas Petroleum is one of the world´s largest producers of naphthenic specialty oils. They have refineries in several parts of the world and their largest production facility is situated in Nynäshamn, Sweden. They also have oil depots in all continents and their largest depot is located in Antwerp, Belgium. In the beginning of 2007 Nynas introduced a new type of transformer oils, called Nova grade
Populärvetenskaplig sammanfattning: Arbetet beskriver systematiskt spårfossil av permisk ålder hämtade från Antarktis. Spårfossilfaunan anses vara icke-marin. Eventuella depositionsmiljöer diskuteras. Materialet härstammar från en sekvens bestående i huvudsak av sandsten och skiffer. Det insamlade materialet är hämtat från två områden i Dronning Maud Land - Vestfjella och Kirwanveggen. IchnofaunanNon-marine trace fossils from the Permian of Antarctica are systematically described and possible depositional environments are discussed. The studied material derives from sedimentary sequences consisting mainly of sandstone and shale at Vestfjella and Kirwanveggen, western Dronning Maud Land. The ichnofauna is considered to represent the Scoyenia ichnofacies. Ichnotaxa present in the material ar
ABSTRACT The purpose of this essay is that, through a descriptive ethic study, with staff in an asylum accommodation describe the ethical views and difficulties that may arise in work with asylum seekers unaccompanied refugee children. To help investigate, I have used the following questions: • What ethical problems is the staff on asylum accommodation experiencing during the qualitative interview
The purpose of this thesis is to study the practical application of the Basel II Framework in two Swedish banks of different organisational structure and briefly look at the opinions of the framework now that it has been in use for some time. The theoretical perspectives begin with the concept of risk metaphors. Thereafter criticism towards a number of earlier risk measures is presented. This lead
The purpose of this study was to examine the views on collaboration between the municipality (social services) and the psychiatric health care sector. More specifically its aim was to find out how collaboration currently is described by different representatives within the two organizations and to analyze these findings. The goal of the study was to reach a better understanding of the priorities m
Title: E621, A study of customer attitude change and how this affects the food industry to meet the new requirements. University: Lund University, Service Management, Campus Helsingborg. Subject: Master 15 p. Seminar date: 4th of June, 2009 Author: Gabriella Danerhall and Frida Peterson Advisor: Elin Bommenel and Yvonne Granfeldt Key words: E-numbers, consumption, identity adding, satisfied custom
Information and Communications Technology is an increasing factor in the everyday life, whether this is private or public. In coherence with this, reports and research presents the contribution to effects in terms of pollution, such as greenhouse gas emissions and electronic waste. Current reports state that the agendas of enterprises, governments and societies increasingly include how to tackle e
