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With near stagnant growth in most mature car markets, much of the attention of the world´s car industry has during recent years turned to China. The Chinese car market represents an important business opportunity for OEMs and dealers who want to keep growing and making profits. Initially, the focus of OEMs was mainly on setting up new dealerships, often giving processes and technology lower priori
Sveriges och Europas befolkning blir allt äldre samtidigt som färre föds. Med andra ord ska allt färre yngre människor försörja allt fler äldre. Den 15 december 2008 infördes nya svenska regler för arbetskraftsinvandring från tredjeland. Reformen innebar att det gamla systemet där ansökningar om arbetstillstånd först prövades mot behovet på den inhemska marknaden, den så kallade arbetsmarknadspröv
Findus Sverige AB, referred to as Findus from now on, harvests peas during a period ofaround 50 days during the summer. The harvest generates about 30 000 tonnes of peas which gives around 40 000 pallets to distribute to the warehouses which Findus uses for final storage. Three hours after the peas are picked in the fields, they have to be frozen to keep their good taste and quality. Because of t
Prostate cancer (PCa) is an interesting study case of clinical management of uncertainty. PCa is the most diagnosed but only the second-leading cause of non-cutaneous cancer-related mortalities among men in developed countries. To put simply, the life-time risk of PCa diagnosis and mortality is approximately 11% and 3% respectively; a ~3.6-fold difference. The large number of PCa incidence is attr
Popular Abstract in Swedish Stroke är en sjukdom som främst drabbar äldre och är den största anledningen till att människor får olika slags handikapp såsom förlamning och afasi. Det finns ännu ingen effektiv behandling för att lindra symtom och lidande efter en stroke, förutom rehabilitering, och därför kostar stroke samhället enormt mycket pengar. Befolkningen blir allt äldre, vilket även medför Cell replacement by neural transplantation can, in animal models of neurodegenerative diseases, reconstruct damaged brain circuitry. In the clinical situation, the graft material used for cell therapy must, most likely, be of human origin. The human fetal brain is one potential source of neural stem cells (NSCs) for cell replacement therapy in neurodegenerative disorders such as stroke. Stroke is
I ett entreprenadavtal kan parterna avtala om att arbetena ska ersättas på löpande räkning. AB 04 innehåller bestämmelser om att ersättning på löpande räkning ska betalas enligt den så kallade självkostnadsprincipen. Syftet med den här uppsatsen har varit att utreda och analysera vilka ekonomiska risker självkostnadsprincipen kan innebära för beställaren och vilka möjligheter beställaren har att sThe parties in a construction contract can stipulate that the construction works are to be compensated on an open account basis. AB 04 states that compensation on an open account basis is to be paid according to the prime cost principle. The purpose of this thesis has been to examine and analyse the financial risks that the prime cost principle means for the employer, and which prospects the emplo
Standardavtalet AB 04 är ofta underliggande avtalsunderlag för utförandeentreprenader. Tolkning av standardavtal grundas på, om en gemensam partsavsikt saknas, en analys av villkorets ordalydelse, avtalets systematik och dess ändamålsskäl. Trots att disciplinen inte är lagstadgad kan dispositiv rätt bli tillämplig vid tolkning eftersom standardavtalet är framförhandlat mot bakgrund av allmänna oblThe standard agreement AB 04 is often the underlying contractual basis for construction contracts. Interpretation of standard agreements is based on, in the absence of a common will of the parties, an analysis of the wording of the condition, the systematical composition of the agreement and its purpose. Although the discipline is not laid down in law, the optional law may be applicable to interpr
Den svenska och norska entreprenadrätten regleras i stor utsträckning av standardavtal. I NJA 2018 s. 653 har HD hämtat ledning av det norska standardavtalet NS 8405 och norsk entreprenadrättslig doktrin för att bestämma omfattningen av en bestämmelse i AB 04. Det är därför relevant att undersöka huruvida andra bestämmelser i standardavtalen är överensstämmande i den mån att ledning kan hämtas fråThe Swedish and Norwegian construction contract law is mainly regulated by standard-form contracts. In NJA 2018 p. 643 the Swedish Supreme Court takes guidance from the Norwegian standard-form contract NS 8405 and Norwegian construction contract law literature to decide the extent of a regulation in AB 04. Therefore, it is relevant to examine whether other regulations in the standard-form contract
För att klara av den kommande demografiska utmaningen med en antagen fortsatt stigande medellivslängd, behöver arbetslivet förlängas. Då pensionen beräknas utifrån förväntad medellivslängd vid pensionering, kommer pensionen successivt bli allt lägre i förhållande till slutlönen om inte den ökade medellivslängden balanseras upp av en höjd utträdesålder från arbetslivet. Det finns ett flertal pensioIn order to cope with the coming demographic challenge with an assumed continued rising average life expectancy, working life needs to be extended. Since the pension is calculated on the basis of expected average life expectancy at retirement, the pension will gradually become lower in relation to the final salary unless the increased average life expectancy is compensated by an increased retireme
Den europeiska gemenskapen inom försvars-och säkerhetsfrågor rör sig allt mer ifrån transnationellt samarbete mot federal integration. Parallellt med denna utveckling identifieras på EU-nivå i dagsläget dessutom en rad nya säkerhetspolitiska utmaningar som både unionen och medlemsstaterna till stor del är överens om att hantera gemensamt. Likväl förekommer också att krav ställs på mer nationellt s
Transportation of people and goods largely relies on the use of fossil hydrocarbons, contributing to global warming and problems with local air quality. There are a number of alternatives to fossil fuels that can avoid a net carbon emission and can also decrease pollutant emissions. However, many have significant difficulty in competing with fossil fuels due to either limited availability, limited
All cellular organisms in aquatic environments are susceptible to virus attack. Viruses are the smallest but most abundant biological entities in freshwaters. This thesis describes interactions between viruses and bacteria in temperate and polar freshwaters with particular emphasis on Arctic and Antarctic aquatic systems. Free virus-like particles in freshwaters are vulnerable and exposed and as p
Popular Abstract in Swedish Denna avhandling skall främst ses som ett bidrag till diskussionen om en framväxande ny "kulturaliserad" ekonomi. Avhandlingens syfte är att genom att analysera produktion och konsumtion av mejerivaror följa hur en ny ekonomi formas och tar plats i vardagen samt se vilka kulturella värderingar och föreställningar som skapas i denna process. Den teroetiska inspirationen This dissertation is to be regarded as a contribution to the discussion about a "cultural economy". The aim of the study is to gain a perspective as to how a new economy can be shaped and take its place in everyday life, as well as identify the cultural values and ideas created in the process, by analysing the production and consumption of dairy products. Theoretical inspiration is derived from st
To accept the nomination to become the supervisor of a PhD candidate is not only to step into a specific, challenging and potentially rewarding relationship, but also to enter a new zone of uncertainty: what kind of contribution to this relationship is expected from me? In what ways is this new professional task framed and supported by the institutional context to which I belong? What do I gain fr
To model aerosol-cloud interactions in general circulation models (GCMs), a prognostic cloud scheme of cloud liquid water and amount is expanded to include droplet number concentration (N(d)) in a way that allows them to be calculated using the same large-scale and convective updraft velocity field. In the scheme, the evolution of droplets fully interacts with the model meteorology. An explicit tr
A model for evolution of cracks as a result of strain-assisted corrosion is presented. The considered cracks possess a realistic geometry, where the tip region is an integral part of the crack surface instead of being a singular point. This geometry is either implicitly defined or is a consequence of crack nucleation from surface irregularities. The evolution model poses a moving boundary value pr
This Norm focussing article starts exploring the various influence processes that take place in connection with the dawn of a new theme - the environment and then sustainable development - in today's society. The Swedish society has in the early 1990-ies declared that educational institutions, places designed for the intentional influence, shall utilise the new environmental theme in its practice.
This thesis contributes to the ongoing debate about livelihood diversifi cation and the related question of agriculture’s central role in rural development in the Sahel. It focuses on on-farm diversifi cation during the dry season. The aim is to assess the practice and potential of gum arabic production for smallholders in central Sudan. The agricultural system of gum arabic production has provide
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is characterized by selective autoimmune destruction of the insulin producing beta-cells in the islets of Langerhans. When the beta-cells are destroyed exogenous administration of insulin is necessary for maintenance of glucose homeostasis. Allogeneic islet transplantation has been used as a means to circumvent the need for insulin administration and has in some cases been ab
The purpose of this PhD thesis work has been to develop optical techniques that can help utility engineers for assessing the state of insulators in service and in a laboratory. The possibilities to use remote laser induced fluorescence for detection and imaging of biological growth such as algae and fungi have been investigated. Reflectance spectroscopy has also been investigated as a technique fo
