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In Sweden, municipalities organize a large share of public services but the conditions for providing these services differ considerably due to differences in size and wealth. In the wake of financial stress and New Public Management reforms the Swedish local governments seeks new ways to make both ends meet and still manage the services to be in line with the present (not the past) demands of the
Popular Abstract in Swedish I hjärnan finns ett fantastiskt effektivt kontrollsystem för utförandet av olika typer av rörelser. Lillhjärnan är en viktig del av detta kontrollsystem eftersom skador på lillhjärnan kan leda till att fint styrda rörelser blir svårare eller kanske helt omöjliga att utföra. En förståelse av lillhjärnans funktion kan därför leda till en bättre generell förståelse av hur A modular organization has recently been described for the cerebellar control system comprising the forelimb areas of the C1/C3/Y zones in the cerebellar cortex and nucleus interpositus anterior (NIA) of the cat. A module is a group of cells in NIA which receives homogenous climbing fibre input via Purkinje cells that belong to the same set of microzones in the C1/C3/Y zones. The organization of i
Popular Abstract in Swedish Den cancerskyddande genen p53 är av betydelse för att göra leukemiceller friska. Blodbildning. Blodceller är nödvändiga för vårt välbefinnande och vår överlevnad. Det finns flera olika typer med egna specialiserade funktioner. Så krävs t. ex. röda blodkroppar för syresättning och vita blodkroppar för att bekämpa infektioner. Blodcellerna har begränsad överlevnad; när Leukemic cells suffer from an impaired ability to differentiate due to inherited or acquired genetic lesions. These genetic changes can sometimes be bypassed with various compounds both in vitro, and, more rarely, in vivo, thus inducing terminal differentiation of the leukemic cells. Differentiation of both leukemic and normal hematopoietic cells is believed to be intimately coupled to cell cycle
Context: Systems of systems (SoS) are highly complex and are integrated on multiple levels (unit, component, system, system of systems). Many of the characteristics of SoS (such as operational and managerial independence, integration of system into system of systems, SoS comprised of complex systems) make their development and testing challenging. Contribution: This paper provides an understanding
Popular Abstract in Swedish Traditionellt sett är resande en maskulin aktivitet. I det här sammanhanget betyder det att resan för en euro-amerikansk man ses som en identitetsskapande process som formar honom som subjekt. Denna process förutsätter att kvinnan figurerar i marginalen, i det stereotypiska fallet som sexobjekt eller väntande hustru/moder. Genom att ersätta män med kvinnor i huvudrollerThis thesis is founded on the premise that traditional discourses of travel and mobility are inherently masculinist, that is, travel is seen as a masculinity rite-of passage for the Euro-American male, shaping his subjectivity through the othering and marginalization of women. Taking Jack Kerouac’s On the Road (1957), the epitome of masculinist travel literature, as a starting point for an examina
The marketing and consumption of green products has grown significantly in recent years. As mediators between producers and consumers, retailing sites play an important role for the distribution of green products. It is through stores and other retail sites that green products are marketed and made available to consumers. But how does retailing work to circulate green products? How are green produ
Molecular imprinting, method for creating artificial receptors that are mimics of biological antibodies and receptors, is based on the concept of creating substrate-specific recognition sites in polymeric matrices by means of template polymerisation. The polymeric receptors produced display favourable binding characteristics, such as high affinity and specificity towards the substrate molecules. C
Both the idea of the self and the idea of memory went through significant changes in the 18th and 19th centuries – developments that in important ways were driven by, and showcased in, the different forms of autobiographical expression popular during this period. With the aim of studying the Swedish context in this regard, the thesis describes a number of typical situations and thematic structures
The aim was to study dentists' judgement on the removal of and on the development of pathology associated with asymptomatic mandibular third molars. Thirty general dental practitioners (GDPs) and 10 oral surgeons were asked to judge 36 molars with equal distribution of three cues: patient's age, angular position and degree of impaction of the molar. Rating on a VAS was found to be an appropriate m
This paper presents a computerized grammar which can analyze and generate a sample of pedagogical Chinese sentences, in particular those mentioned in the textbook Kinesiska är inte svårt (‘Chinese is not difficult’) by Göran Malmqvist 1974. Equivalent grammars for English and Swedish have also been constructed allowing translation between the three languages. The grammar model used is the Swetra g
An alternative formulation of the Lund fragmentation model for string states without gluons is presented. It is shown that the fragmentation process can be factorised into a product of transition operators with well-defined eigenfunctions and corresponding eigenvalues. The physical properties of these functions are studied and possible applications are suggested. A fragmentation model for multigl
Popular Abstract in Swedish Geografisk fördelning av inomartsvariation i vittspridda Euroasiska skogsväxter Torbjörn Tyler Sammanfattning av författaren's doktorsavhandling Inledning Arter's utbredningar bestäm's inte bara av omvärldsfaktorer som klimat och jordmån utan även av de möjligheter det givit's dem att sprida sig. För att sprida sig över stora geografiska områden kräv's tid och i en väMany woodland plant species have huge distribution areas covering large parts of the Eurasian continent including areas that were glaciated during the last glacial period. In the present thesis, the geographic distribution of variation within such species is investigated and discussed in relation to glacial survival and post-glacial migration, dispersal ability, breeding system and levels of gene-
It is still impossible to make an accurate, purely theoretical prediction of the free energy of a ligand binding to a protein in aqueous environment. The two main problems are the immense number of nuclear configurations contributing to the binding free energy and the impossibility to apply accurate quantum-chemical methods to such a large system, even for a single configuration. In this thesis, t
Popular Abstract in Swedish Med dagens alla transporter finns det ett mycket stort behov av tillgång till billigt och miljövänligt drivmedel. Det bränsle som används i särklass mest är bensin framställd från råolja. Ett problem med bensinen är att den inte tillverkas från förnyelsebara råvarukällor. Detta innebär att när oljan tar slut så går det inte att tillverka mer bensin. Däremot är det idag
Popular Abstract in Swedish Utgångspunkten för denna avhandling har varit att studera användningen av datorer i arbetet utifrån ett mer holistiskt perspektiv än vad som varit brukligt i tidigare traditionell hälsoforskning om datoranvändning, genom att även inkludera arbetsinnehållet som inte utförs med hjälp av datorn. Avhandlingens ansatts skiljer sig således från tidigare traditionell hälsoforsThis thesis aims at investigating computer use at work from a more holistic work content perspective by also studying non-computer work content, in contrast to the previous approach in occupational health research that focused almost solely on computer work content. It was argued here that non-computer work content has also become significant to the overall work situation for computer users. This
A highly optimized Monte Carlo (MC) code package for simulating light transport is developed on the latest graphics processing unit (GPU) built for general-purpose computing from NVIDIA - the Fermi GPU. In biomedical optics, the MC method is the gold standard approach for simulating light transport in biological tissue, both due to its accuracy and its flexibility in modelling realistic, heterogen
BACKGROUND: The objective of lung transplantation (LTx) is to prolong life, but the survival benefit for patients with severe α(1)-anti-trypsin deficiency (PiZZ) and emphysema is still unclear. The aim of this study was to assess whether PiZZ patients who have undergone lung transplantation (the lung transplant group, TxG) do better than patients who have continued on the usual medical therapy (th
In preparation for future, large-scale, multi-object, high-resolution spectroscopic surveys of the Galaxy, we present a series of tests of the precision in radial velocity and chemical abundances that any such project can achieve at a 4 m class telescope. We briefly discuss a number of science cases that aim at studying the chemo-dynamical history of the major Galactic components (bulge, thin and
AIM: The etiology of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) includes inflammation, coagulation, and endothelial dysfunction. We have prospectively evaluated relations between these mechanisms and AAA growth. Tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, endothelin (ET)-1, CD40 ligand and the complex formed between activated protein C (APC) and protein C inhibitor (PCI) were measured annually and re
Most testicular germ cell tumors originate from carcinoma in situ cells in fetal life, possibly related to sex hormone imbalances in early pregnancy. Previous studies of association between gestational age at birth and testicular cancer have yielded discrepant results and have not examined extreme preterm birth. Our objective was to determine whether low gestational age at birth is independently a
