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The plant plasma membrane H+-ATPase is a predominant membrane enzyme that provides the energy for secondary active transport across the plasma membrane. Consequently, the H+-ATPase is thought to play a major role in many cell processes, and it is implicated to be regulated by a number of factors, including hormones, blue light, and fungal toxins The plant plasma membrane H
Popular Abstract in English We won’t give up Anatolia! Shouting this slogan, thousands of villagers marched towards Ankara, protesting against the projects that threaten to channel Anatolian rivers into hydro-power plants. The majority of demonstrators did not reach Ankara. The police stopped them at the city gates for disturbing the public order: hydroelectricity development is a national prioritPrivate Rivers is a study of contested processes whereby use rights to water are privatised for electricity production. It engages with the issues of renewable energy solutions and the sustainability of run-of-river hydro projects in Turkey by investigating the connection between these policies and justice for rural populations, whose livelihood depends on the rivers. Since 2001, water privatisati
Popular Abstract in Swedish Från 1865 och framåt öppnades i nordöstra U.S.A ett antal college där unga kvinnor kunde avlägga en icke yrkesinriktad akademisk examen. Efter några decennier använde några som utexaminerats från dessa institutioner sina erfarenheter i populära berättelser om studenter på college. Avhandlingen visar hur denna utbildning presenteras i skönlitterär form. Fokus ligger på Twenty years after Vassar College welcomed the first American female undergraduates in 1865, the experiences of women college students began to be fictionalized in so-called college stories. This thesis shows how higher education is presented in the novels, collections of short stories, and serialized stories for female readers published before the United States was involved in the First World Wa
Stuttering is one of the most common speech disorders. However, the etiology is poorly understood, and is likely to be heterogeneous. The aim of this thesis was to clarify causal mechanisms, focusing the brain. The project included theoretical development based on published data, and a broad approach of explorative studies and testing of hypotheses. The theoretical work focused the basal ganglia,
Popular Abstract in Swedish Järn är den mest vanligt förekommande övergångsmetallen i alla levande organismer, från bakterier till växter och djur och även i människan. Järn är en viktig del av olika proteiner och förekommer mycket ofta i form av en hemgrupp (se bild). Enzymer är proteiner som kan katalysera biokemiska processer. Det ställe i enzymet, där reaktionen sker, kallas enzymets aktiva säIn order to create a heme environment which permits biomimicry of heme-containing plant peroxidases and investigate the role played by the vinyl side chains of the porphyrin ring on the stability and, possibly, catalytic activity of model compounds, a number of new synthetic microperoxidases -– hemin-6(7)-gly-his methyl ester (HGH) and hemin-6(7)-gly-gly-his methyl ester (HGGH) and hemin-6,7-bis(g
Acrylamide, a probable human carcinogen, has been found at mg/kg levels, in heat-treated carbohydrate-rich foods. Acrylamide is formed via the Maillard reaction as a result of the reaction between the amino acid asparagine and reducing sugars (glucose and fructose). Potatoes contain relatively high levels of both asparagine and reducing sugars and therefore potato products such as crisps, French f
Understanding the impacts of plant community characteristics on soil carbon dioxide efflux (R) is a key prerequisite for accurate prediction of the future carbon (C) balance of terrestrial ecosystems under climate change. However, developing a mechanistic understanding of the determinants of R is complicated by the presence of multiple different sources of respiratory C within soil - such as soil
In hydrological models for water resources management and planning, the model output or design quantities are functions of the input data and a number of parameters that are essentially stochastic processes or random variables. The task of uncertainty analysis is to estimate the uncertainty characteristics of the model output in terms of the uncertainties in the input, model parameters and initial
In 2000 the European Council agreed on the so called ‘Lisbon Strategy’, the purpose of which is to make the European Union the strongest and most competitive economy in the world and also to fight unemployment and secure social welfare systems. One year later, in 2001, an ‘environmental dimension’ was supplemented to the Lisbon Strategy at the Council meeting in Gothenburg. An ‘EU Strategy for Sus
Popular Abstract in Swedish Kritiskt sjuka patienter på intensivvårdsavdelningar (IVA) har ofta störningar i blodets levringsförmåga (koagulation). Kliniska tecken som blodpropp (djup ventrombos eller blodpropp i lungorna) och/eller blödning kan vara resultatet av aktivering och konsumtion av koagulationsfaktorer och koagulationshämmare. Disseminerad intravaskulär koagulation (DIC, som är en samtiCritically ill patients in intensive care units (ICU) often have coagulation disturbances. Clinical manifestations such as thromboembolism and/or bleeding may result from activation and consumption of coagulation factors and inhibitors. Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is a severe condition with an often-poor prognosis. Global haemostatic tests are inexpensive, widely available, and ma
Slight differences, which appear in the individual animals of the same species and population have been recognised and appreciated ever since Darwin. These consistent intra-specific differences in animals have been considered very important because they are often inherited, and thus, provide the basic material for evolution to act on. This applies also to behavioural characteristics, and thus, to
Popular Abstract in Swedish Det senaste decenniet har resistansen mot antibiotika ökat enormt och visat sig vara ett stort problem för många människor runt om hela världen. Överanvändning av antibiotika i maten, jordbruket och den farmaceutiska industrin har resulterat i en epidemi av infektioner som är resistenta mot nuvarande antibiotika och blir allt svårare att behandla. I och med att människoAntibiotic resistance is now a large threat with worldwide agreement that we will fall into a post-antibiotic era unless there is suitable treatment alternatives discovered. In recent years, chronic wounds have become a major burden on society and treatment is complicated. Honey has been widely used as a topical treatment for wounds yet there is much discourse between studies examining its effect
Popular Abstract in Swedish Under de senaste decennierna har en omfattande omstrukturering ägt rum av den psykiatriska vården. Verksamheterna vid de gamla mentalsjukhusen har avvecklats genom en omfattande nerdragning av slutenvårdplatser. Psykiatrins långtidssjuka patienter skulle återföras till det sociala liv de under lång tid varit avskärmade ifrån. I samband med omorganiseringen till den s kIn the past few decades a comprehensive restructuring of psychiatric care has taken place in Sweden. The activities of the traditional closed institutions have been curtailed through a drastic reduction in the number of beds available in such institutions. "Day treatment," has arisen as a new form of intensive outpatient care in the new, geographically localized psychiatric care of patients with l
Digital systems are integrated in our environment and have become a natural part of our every day life. As we rely more on these systems our expectations on them increases. We expect them to perform new tasks, communicate and cooperate. The complexity of these systems are increasing. The increasing complexity and the requirement for flexibility, which allows the system to adapt and evolve over tim
Management Fee, alltså betalning för intern koncernledning, är ett begrepp inom Transfer Pricing-området. Transfer Pricing är det engelska namnet på internprissättning. Detta ämnesområde har fått en allt större betydelse i dagens allt mer internationella värld och stora delar av världshandeln sker numera inom koncerner. Ämnets huvudregel är armlängdsprincipen vilken genomsyrar det regelverk som fiManagement Fee, the billing of Management costs within an organization, is a part of the Transfer Pricing doctrine. Transfer Pricing has grown to become one of the most important parts of the global trade in the world today. One of the main principles regarding Transfer Pricing is the arm’s lengths principle and it is present through all major documents of the area. The main idea behind the arm’s
How can a small fire at a subcontractor in the USA lead to a multimillion dollar loss at a Swedish telephone company, and how can a single machine breakdown lead to a complete production stop at a production company? With today logistics and production trends, where terms such as Lean Production, Six Sigma, 5S, and World Class Manufacturing are used every day, production companies are introducing
FTRTIL is rapidly expanding on the Indian market after initiatives by the Indian government to increase the number of rolling trains. FTRTIL is today experiencing a greater demand for their products. Meanwhile are they also planning to expand their product range with new introductions. After trying to respond to the prevailing market demand for the E70 brake panel without any success made FTRTIL r
Stakeholders are voicing concerns over the social and environmental impacts of components of Europe’s renewable energy strategy that will significantly increase the region’s demand for forest biomass. Energy companies must address these concerns if they are to manage financial, reputational, regulatory and competitive risks. Sustainability schemes may help reduce such risks by increasing the socia
Användningen av riktade sanktioner mot fysiska och juridiska personer har ökat dramatiskt under de senaste årtiondena. Åtgärder som frysning av tillgångar och reseförbud har ersatt traditionella handelsembargon och blivit bland de vanligaste utrikes- och säkerhetspolitiska verktygen i internationella organisationer som EU och FN. Riktade sanktioner har dock fått utstå betydande kritik från ett mThe use of targeted sanctions against individuals and legal entities has rapidly increased during the last decades. Measures, such as freezing of assets and travel bans, have replaced comprehensive trade embargos and are now among the most frequently used foreign policy tools of international organisations like the European Union (EU) and the United Nations (UN). However, the use of targeted sanc
Gender-based violence survivors have barriers to access to justice around the globe. However, States are responsible for removing those barriers and ensuring that everyone can access needed services and justice without discrimination regardless of their gender, sexual orientation, race, nationality, disability, or age. Turkey is no exception with its international commitments and domestic laws to
