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Background: The data concerning the effects and safety of androgen in human breast tissue are conflicting. Objective: Our aim was to analyze the effects of androgens on normal human breast tissue (HBT). Approach: We cultured explants of HBT (obtained from reduction mammoplasty operations of postmenopausal women) with or without testosterone (T) and 5α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) or in combination
Land-use change is a major driver of the global loss of biodiversity, but it is unclear to what extent this also results in a loss of ecological traits. Therefore, a better understanding of how land-use change affects ecological traits is crucial for efforts to sustain functional diversity. To this end we tested whether higher species richness or taxonomic distinctness generally leads to increased
Popular Abstract in Swedish Råttans urinblåsa har studerats ur olika aspekter, sedan antingen ett standardiserat avflödeshinder åstadkommits eller hälften av urinblåsans nervförsörjning avlägsnats. Avflödeshindret har åstadkommits genom att en silkestråd knutits runtom urinröret så att det försnävats. Genom att en knappt mm-vid metallstav knutits om samtidigt och sedan avlägsnats, har graden av avMedian micturition volume decreased early after partial outlet obstruction, 24 hrs total obstruction and hemidenervation. Degeneration release of transmitter may explain this, assuming that bladder wall distension causes nerve degeneration. Micturition pressure decreased simultaneously in the partially denervated and 24 hrs obstructed groups, probably due to the reduced number of functionally inta
The role of accountants in organizations is intriguing in the current context of the broad changes in the profession observed by many. Mainly because of technological advancements, what has previously required a considerable amount of time and effort, i.e. bookkeeping & reporting, has been assumed to ‘just happen’ easily, with a corollary that it should not be taken for granted, that the accou
Popular Abstract in Swedish Multipla infektioner med olika patogener eller olika stammar av en patogen är vanliga. Positiva eller negativa interaktioner (konkurrens respektive facilitering) mellan patogener som infekterar samma värd kan påverka förekomsten av enskilda patogener och därmed ha stor betydesle för förekomsten av en specifik sjukdom. I denna avhandling studerar jag två fästingburna bakMost animals will encounter several more or less severe infectious diseases during their lifetime, and simultaneous infections with more than one pathogen, or several different strains of the same pathogen, are common in natural populations. Ticks transmit a wide variety of different pathogens and can also be simultaneously infected with more than one pathogen. The possible interactions between di
Orientation for insects in olfactory landscapes with high semiochemical diversity may be a challenging task. The partitioning of odor plumes into filaments that are interspersed with pockets of ‘clean air’ may help filament discrimination and upwind flight to attractive sources in the face of inhibitory signals. We studied the effect of distance between odor sources on trap catches of the beetle,
The problem of empty names derives from the fact that empty names fail to refer. The reference failure of empty names implies that sentences containing empty names lack truth-conditions. As a consequence those sentences are meaningless, according to many theories of meaning. The present dissertation addresses the problem of empty names and proposes a solution to the problem at hand. In brief, the
Popular Abstract in Swedish Rätt förhållande mellan mängden bränsle och luft är viktigt i dagens förbränningsmotorer för att den katalytiska avgasreningen skall fungera. Motorer i serieproduktion mäter syrehalten i avgaserna för att få en uppfattning om blandningsförhållandet. Denna utvecklar en metod att skatta blandningsförhållandet genom mätning av cylindertrycket. Man kan på så sätt få snabbarThis thesis investigates the use of cylinder pressure measurements for estimation of the in-cylinder air/fuel ratio in a spark ignited internal combustion engine. An estimation model which uses the net heat release profile for estimating the cylinder air/fuel ratio of a spark ignition engine is developed. The net heat release profile is computed from the cylinder pressure trace and quantifies the
We study deterministic algorithms for gossiping problem in ad hoc radio networks. The efficiency of communication algorithms in radio networks is very often expressed in terms of: maximum eccentricity D, maximum in-degree Δ, and size (number of nodes) n of underlying graph of connections. The maximum eccentricity D of a network is the maximum of the lengths of shortest directed paths fro
PURPOSE: We review the current epidemiological and genetic knowledge regarding hereditary prostate cancer, and outline its clinical implications. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Published articles on hereditary prostate cancer were identified using the MEDLINE data base. RESULTS: A risk of prostate cancer, particularly early onset disease, is strongly affected by family history (number of relatives with pr
Popular Abstract in Swedish Cirkulationen i de minsta kärlen, de s.k. mikrovaskulära utbyteskärlen är viktig för vävnadens syre- och näringstillförsel. Mikrocirkulationen utgörs av de minsta artärerna, kapillärerna, och de minsta venerna. I kapillärerna och i de minsta venerna sker utbytet av näring, syre, samt koldi-oxid och andra metabola restprodukter. För fettlösliga ämnen som koldioxid och syThis thesis presents some effects of Rho kinase, prostacyclin (PGI2) and nitric oxide (NO) in relation to trauma and inflammation by evaluating their effects on microvascular perfusion and permeability in mouse brain and in cat skeletal muscle. PGI2 and NO are endogenous vasoactive substances produced by the endothelium. They are vasodilators with antiaggregatory/antiadhesive and permeability-redu
BACKGROUND: An increasing incidence of penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae (PRP) was detected in Malmo in 1994. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate clonality and factors facilitating the spread of PRP among children in day-care centers (DCCs). METHODS: We used phenotypic and DNA-fingerprinting methods in conjunction with epidemiologic data from the South Swedish Pneumococcal Intervention Project's in
Popular Abstract in Swedish Många tolkningar och användningsområden har av olika forskare föreslagits för det gammaltestamentliga offret shelamin. Detta offer hade också en oklar plats i den israelitiska kulturen. Avsaknaden av konsensus och misslyckandet med att nå fram till en tillfredsställande lösning på gåtan gör shelamim till ett intressant offer att undersöka med hjälp av modern ritualforsk
The size and shape of the cockerel comb, ran be regarded as secondary sexual characters or sexual ornaments. Sexual characters are assumed to be costly to express and the expression of a secondary sexual character is suggested to be favourably correlated with the bearer's condition or fitness. The aim of this study was to clarify the effects of selection for male sexual characters, the correlated
Objectives: Short relative telomere length (RTL) is associated with vascular ageing, inflammation and cardiovascular risk factors. Previous studies have reported an association between abdominal aortic aneurysm and short RTL. The presence of atherosclerosis among patients with aneurysm disease may, however, be a confounder. The aim was to explore the associations between short RTL and aneurysm dis
Nanotechnology gives us materials with enhanced or completely new properties. At the same time, inhalation of manufactured nano-objects has been related to an array of adverse biological effects. We characterized particle emissions, which occurred during maintenance of common metal nanoparticle generators and contrasted the properties of the emitted particles with those originally produced by the
Parental type 2 diabetes mellitus increases the risk of diabetic nephropathy in offspring with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that predispose to type 2 diabetes mellitus have recently been identified. It is, however, not known whether such SNPs also confer susceptibility to diabetic nephropathy in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. We genotyped nine S
Popular Abstract in Swedish Polymerer och tensider är två mycket vanliga molekylslag som vi ofta stöter på i vårt vardagliga liv. Polymerer är extremt långa kedjor sammansatta av tusentals repeterande enheter. De förekommer både som hårda material (t ex plast) och i lösning (t ex målarfärg). Det finns syntetiska polymerer, såsom nylon och polyeten, och det finns biologiska polymerer, t ex cellulosA new approach to the study of aqueous mixtures of oppositely charged polymers and surfactants has been introduced. Pure polyion-surfactant ion complex salts have been synthesized and used as the point of departure. The elimination of the simple ions reduces the number of components in the mixtures, thus greatly simplifying the system. By mixing the complex salt with either the polyelectrolyte or
This thesis concerns quantitative genetic aspects of the conservation biology of two rare plants, Scabiosa canescens and Silene diclinis. Particular attention was given to the effects of genetic drift on the structuring of variation in allozymes and quantitative characters, the association between (current) population size and quantitative genetic variation, the level of inbreeding depression in f
