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Hållbar utveckling är ledordet inom såväl miljöpolitiken som miljörätten, däri inbegrips bland annat bevarandet av biologisk mångfald. Trots det bedöms Sverige bara nå två av 16 miljökvalitetsmål inom utsatt tid. Inom flera av områdena som rör bevarandet av biologisk mångfald och värdefulla naturmiljöer går utvecklingen dessutom åt fel håll. Uppsatsen syftar till att utreda hur rätten kan förändrIn environmental policy, as well as in environmental law, sustainable development is the keyword. To achieve this, preservation of biodiversity is central. Despite this, Sweden is expected to reach only two out of 16 environ-mental quality goals in time. Furthermore, in a number of areas relating to the preservation of biological diversity and valuable natural environments, development is made in

Examensarbetet syftar till att jämföra olika insamlingssystem för matavfall från flerfamiljshus. För att uppnå Sveriges miljömål finns etappmål som anger att minst 50 % av matavfallet ska källsorteras och behandlas biologiskt för att ta tillvara på energi och/eller näring till senast år 2018. Detta innebär att antalet hushåll med tillgång till separat sortering av matavfall måste öka. Det vanligaTo facilitate the fulfilment of Sweden’s environmental objectives, there are interim targets regarding e.g. food waste. For instance: at least 50 % of food waste should be source separated and biologically treated to make use of energy and/or nutrients, by 2018 the latest. To achieve this, the number of households with access to separate collection of food waste must increase. The aim of this mas

The main goal of this thesis was the development and application of a method to construct reactor networks based on pre-calculated flow fields for combustion systems. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) was used to calculate flow fields for the Sandia piloted jet flame D and a Siemens SGT-800 gas turbine burner rig. Two different combustion models were tested in the computational fluid dynamics cal

Two methods of computational analysis of DNA barcodes are presented. A DNA barcode is formed by making GC-rich regions of a DNA molecule fluoresce while AT-rich regions remain dark, thus when stretched using nano-channels and viewed in a microscope, the DNA molecule will resemble a barcode with black and white stripes. Because of point-spread functions and pixellation the resolution will be roughl

During the last few years, crowding effects on the physics of proteins has become an increasingly popular topic of research. This is is because most biological processes involving proteins naturally take place in a crowded environment, e.g. in the cellular environment where macromolecules may occupy 30% of the volume. One such biological process would be the formation of amyloid aggregates, which

Avtalsfrihet och rätt till domstolsprövning inskränks i svensk rätt genom principen om pactum turpe. Det innebär att avtal som strider mot lag eller goda seder inte anses förtjäna rättsordningens skydd. Avtalsrättsliga ogiltighetsregler syftar många gånger till att skydda den svagare parten i avtalsrelationen, medan pactum turpe civilprocessrättsligt syftar till att skydda samhällets moraluppfattnThe freedom of contract and the right to judicial review are restricted by Swedish law through pactum turpe. This means that agreements contrary to law or good practice are not considered to merit legal protection. The purpose of contractual invalidity aims to protect the weaker party in the contractual relationship, while the principle of pactum turpe aims to protect the moral perception of the s

What's the point of a back cover? When converting an initially printed book into a digital format, the front cover is almost always included in the electronic file, the back cover however, is not. The aim of this thesis is to examine the back covers of picturebooks, based on what function they serve in relation to the work, as well as to intermediaries and readers of the work. With the theoret

A new setup for versatile ion time-of-flight coincidence spectroscopy was built using a pre-existing negative ion time-of-flight spectrometer aligned with a short extension that may be used to detect photons, Auger electrons or positive ions. The extension was designed to be short to improve detection of photons, as they do not have a preferred direction for their emission, and high-momentum parti

This paper presents a stabilized incompressible smoothed particle hydrodynamics (ISPH) method to simultaneously simulate surface and seepage flow. The Navier-Stokes type equation, which manipulates the linear and nonlinear resistance effects caused from porous materials, are employed for tracking fluid motions in porous medium. The SPH method is one of the mesh-less particle methods and its Lagran

Purpose: Flattening filters (FFs) have been considered as an integral part of the treatment head of a medical accelerator for more than 50 years. The reasons for the longstanding use are, however, historical ones. Advanced treatment techniques, such as stereotactic radiotherapy or intensity modulated radiotherapy have stimulated the interest in operating linear accelerators in a flattening filter

In normal cells, the cell cycle is controlled by a complex series of signalling pathways by which a cell grows, replicates its DNA and divides. The critical task of the cell cycle is to ensure that DNA is faithfully replicated and that identical chromosomal copies are distributed equally to two daughter cells during mitosis with the help of the mitotic spindle. Thus, mitotic spindle formation is v

This chapter is an overview of the prehistory of L, how people across the globe from our earliest sources to 1961 have tried to understand the beginning and end of history, and the rise and fall of civilizations. Factor L is put into a longer historical context of human conceptions about history, time, and civilization. In focus is the question of how it was possible to formulate L in its modern v

Background The safety of long-acting beta(2) agonist (LABA) therapy in asthma remains controversial but no large scale analyses have been published of LABA safety in children. Methods The frequency of asthma-related deaths and hospitalisations following formoterol use in children (4-11 years) and adolescents (12-17 years), compared with non-LABA treatment, was assessed in all AstraZeneca-sponsored

Background: Pancreatic cancer and other pancreaticobiliary type periampullary adenocarcinomas have a dismal prognosis even after resection and neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Intestinal type periampullary adenocarcinomas generally have a better prognosis, but little is known on optimal neoadjuvant and adjuvant treatment. New prognostic and treatment predictive biomarkers are needed for improved treatmen

Background Meniscus surgery is a high-volume surgery carried out on 1 million patients annually in the USA. The procedure is conducted on an outpatient basis and the patients leave the hospital a few hours after surgery. A critical oversight of previous studies is their failure to account for the type of meniscal tears. Meniscus tears can be categorised as traumatic or non-traumatic. Traumatic tea

Recovery of lost neurological function after stroke is limited and dependent on multiple mechanisms including inflammatory processes. Selective pharmacological modulation of inflammation might be a promising approach to improve stroke outcome. Methods: We used 1,1'-[1,4-phenylenebis(methylene)] bis[1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane] (AMD3100), an antagonist to the C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (

Abstract in Undetermined As a generalization of the commonly assumed Poisson distribution (PD) used to estimate the annual number of peaks over threshold in partial duration series (PDS) model, the negative binomial (NB) distribution is proposed in this study. Instead of generalized pareto distribution (GPD) and exponential distribution (ED) models popularly applied to predict the probability of t

In order for semiconductor materials to be suitable for implementation in new and progressive devices they have to be of better electronic characteristics than currently used materials, and maintain these once treated and put into action. It is important to verify that bulk characteristics are not hindered at the surface when a given semiconductor is put in contact with another material due to nec

Background Depressive disorders, specifically major depressive disorder (MDD), is predicted to become the leading cause of disease burden worldwide by 2030. In the United States, MDD is already the leading cause of disability. Yet, less than 50 percent of US adults diagnosed with a mental disorder seek treatment, often due to lack of health coverage or affordability. In 2014, the Affordable Care A