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Popular Abstract in Swedish Med snabbare och pålitligare analysresultat finns stora möjligheter till ett ökat utnyttjande av avfallsresurser för produktion av förnybar energi. Resultat från min forskning gör det möjligt att analysera råvaror för biogasproduktion med större säkerhet och med möjligheten att få upp till nio gånger snabbare resultat. Produktion av biogas har under den senaste tiden öA sustainable treatment of organic wastes, generation of renewable energy, reduction of green house gas emissions, limiting the eutrophication and closing the nutrient cycles are several environmental challenges for which anaerobic digestion may be a suitable solution. There is today a large amount of available organic waste materials that could serve as potential feedstock for biogas production.

Anaerobic digestion (AD) has gained increasing attention nowadays as an approach for both waste treatment and renewable energy generation. Currently, many different types of materials can be used as feedstock for biogas production via AD process, but their biodegradability (based on methane yield, BDCH4) and potential to produce biogas might vary significantly, and these properties are key paramet

Popular Abstract in Swedish I utvecklingen av gasturbiner och förbränningsmotorer (som används i bilar, flygplan & båtar) finns idag ett modernt miljötänkande som strävar efter att reducera utsläpp och öka effektiviteten (verkningsgraden). Med användning av rätt kylmetoder kan man påverka dessa parametrar. Den bästa möjliga kyltekniken skapar utrymme för att höja temperaturen vid förbränningenThe mean by which a gas turbine combustor is cooled is of major importance for the efficiency and emission performance of the machine. The trends of increasing top cycle temperature and leaner combustion have also been accompanied by a need of efficient use of the cooling air. Traditional cooling schemes such as film cooling are associated with high coolant flow rates and unacceptable emission lev

Modern district heating systems, a carbon lean technology, involves dual usage of the energy due to the possibility to redistribute heat derived from numerous sources, such as industrial processes, refuse incineration, geothermal sources and combined heat and power plants. Such heat source flexibility facilitates the optimal usage of energy resources by varying the amount of purchased heat dependi

Framväxten av artificiell intelligens (AI) har medfört ett flertal utmaningar för det upphovsrättsliga regelverket. Det befintliga upphovsrättsliga regelverket ger skydd åt verk som skapats av en människa. Samtidigt har framstegen inom AI och den djupa maskininlärningen möjliggjort att AI-system genererar alster i form av litteratur, musik och bilder, som traditionellt har hört till människans domThe emergence of Artificial Intelligence (AI) poses a number of challenges to copyright law. The existing copyright regulations provide protection for works created by human beings. At the same time, advances in AI and deep machine learning have enabled AI systems to generate creations of literature, music and images, which are traditionally associated with the human domain. The thesis investigat

Var femte fall av dödligt våld i Sverige år 2018 bestod av dödligt våld mot kvinnor där offret och förövaren var eller hade varit i en parrelation. Mäns dödliga våld mot kvinnor i nära relationer är ett omfattande samhällsproblem som akut måste stoppas. Lagstiftning och fördömande genom rättskipning är betydelsefulla medel i striden om förändring i jämställdhetsfrämjande riktning. Det finns emelleEvery fifth case of lethal violence in Sweden 2018 was constituted by men’s lethal violence against female partners or formal partners. This kind of violence is a problem of big proportions that needs to be detained now. Legislation and condemnation through the Swedish justice system are important means to achieve change in a gender equal direction. There are however parts of the Swedish criminal

Objective To compare, in young active adults with an acute anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tear, the mid-term (five year) patient reported and radiographic outcomes between those treated with rehabilitation plus early ACL reconstruction and those treated with rehabilitation and optional delayed ACL reconstruction. Design Extended follow-up of prospective randomised controlled trial. Setting Ortho

Med anledning av kammarrättens dom i mål nr 4468-19 av den 20 novem-ber 2020 har tidpunkten för när en ansökan om upptagande till handel ska anses vara inlämnad på den reglerade marknaden Nasdaq Stockholm, och således när marknadsmissbruksförordnigen (”MAR”) blir tillämplig i en noteringsprocess, fastställts till tidpunkten för när Nasdaq Stockholms Admission Form B lämnas in. Detta innebär i prakAs a result of the Swedish Administrative Court of Appeal’s judgment in case no. 4468-19 of 20 November 2020, the time for when an application for admission to trading shall be considered to have been submitted to the regulated market Nasdaq Stockholm, and thus when the market abuse regu-lation (“MAR”) becomes applicable in a listing process, has been decided to the time of submission of Nasdaq St

After hatching, bird chicks are inevitably exposed to the thermal conditions of their environment. For the first stage of development chicks are not yet fully capable of maintaining a stable body temperature. During this time, their thermal environment can cause morphological and physiological priming. The plasticity of these responses and the extent to which they persist in the long-term is not w

The integration of small computer units in vehicles has made more complex in-vehicle functionality possible. To troubleshoot these more advanced functions, the diagnostic services need to read out more data from the integrated computer units, causing an increased network load. This has caused a demand on more efficient ways of performing vehicle diagnostics. One possible way to decrease the netwo

Popular Abstract in Swedish Alzheimers sjukdom är den vanligaste orsaken till uppkomsten av demens. Detta tillstånd innebär att delar av hjärnan skrumpnar på ett karakteristiskt vis, när nervceller går under. Den drabbade brukar först märka svårigheter med korttidsminnet, för att senare drabbas av språksvårigheter, räknesvårigheter, svårigheter med rumslig uppfattning och svårigheter att veta hur Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the most common cause of dementia, is a growing concern. As the life expectancy increases across the globe, the number of affected people is estimated to reach 100 million by 2050. Efforts to develop effective treatments for humans have mostly been based on the assumption that a faulty homeostasis of beta amyloid (Aβ) is the triggering or the driving factor behind this co

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterised by a chronic inflammation in conducting airways and the alveolar parenchyma. The inflammation, which is a consequence of inhalation of noxious gases like tobacco smoke, has traditionally been thought to be driven by innate immune responses. However, more recent studies have revealed an increase in lymphocyte-rich lymphoid aggregates (LA

Popular Abstract in Swedish Denna avhandling handlar till stora delar om fotodynamisk tumörterapi (PDT). PDT har sedan början av förra århundradet undersökts som ett tänkbart alternativ till strålningsbehandling, kirurgi och kemoterapi för behandling av cancertumörer i kroppen. Precis som namnet antyder involverar metoden en fotodynamisk reaktion. För att denna reaktion skall ske behövs tre kompoPhotodynamic therapy (PDT) as a cancer treatment modality relies on the simultaneous presence of three components; light, photosensitiser and oxygen. Once excited by the light, the photosensitiser can interact with oxygen, leading to the formation of toxic oxygen species. These reactive substances induce cellular damage within the irradiated tissue volume. PDT has been investigated for treating ma

Electronic commerce (E-commerce) is one of the issues that are expected to influence the various logistics and supply chain processes/operations including: production, packaging, warehousing, transportation, etc. Consequently, the environmental implications of E-commerce are of concern and interest. In this regard, there are some pilot studies, but they are unable to deliver conclusions or general

This thesis investigates the adsorption, decomposition and reactions of small molecules on flat, oxidised and vicinal surfaces of late transition metals. The main technique for these studies is high resolution core level spectroscopy (HRCLS). All the studies presented in the thesis are performed in Ultra High Vacuum (UHV). The articles can be divided into three groups. The first three articles dea

Wastewater treatment processes are inherently dynamic because of the large variations in the influent wastewater flow rate, concentration and composition. Moreover, these variations are to a large extent not possible to control. The adaptive behaviour of the involved microorganisms imposes further difficulties in terms of time-varying process parameters. Mathematical models and computer simulation

Alkali metal adsorption on metals is studied by High Resolution Core Level Spectroscopy (HRCLS) and Low Energy Electron Diffraction (LEED). The studies can be divided into two parts: adsorption of alkali multilayers and alkali adsorption in the submonolayer regime. In the case of the adsorption of alkali multilayers, the interface region between a thin alkali film of Na,K,Rb and Cs on different s

Vid utformningen av rätten att överklaga och prövningen i andra instans finns en mängd aspekter att ta hänsyn till. Dessa ställer på sätt och vis olika krav på prövningens utformning. Detta gäller såväl nationellt som internationellt. Vid utformningen av rätten att överklaga och prövningen i andra instans är det naturligt att landets konventionsåtaganden i form av art. 2 i sjunde tilläggsprotokollWhen forming the right to appeal and the trial in second instance there are a number of aspects to take into account and the different aspects sets, in certain ways, different demands on the form of the trial. This goes both nationally and internationally. When forming the right to appeal and the trial of second instance, it is natural to examine the countries obligations to Art. 2 of the Seventh

Branding är det begrepp som används för att beteckna det arbete som läggs ner för att bygga starka varumärken. Branding har allt mer kommit att handla om att bygga upp en identitet och en image kring verksamheter, för att på så vis skapa konkurrensfördelar. I litteraturen betonas vikten av att den valda identiteten ska förmedlas genom alla de kommunikationskanaler och kontaktytor som finns tillgänBranding is the term used to denote the work being done to build strong brands. Branding has increasingly come to focus on building an identity and a brand image around businesses to create competitive advantages. The literature emphasizes the importance of the selected identity to be communicated through all communication channels and interfaces available. Thus, branding can include everything fr

Development of environmentally friendly and cost-efficient energy sources has been a challenge for modern society since long ago. Sunlight is an infinite and costless source of energy on Earth, so it would be an enormous advantage to efficiently harvest and transform it into electrical energy used in our everyday life. In nature the process, which converts light energy into chemical energy, is cal