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Popular Abstract in Swedish Sammanfattning Den här avhandlingen handlar om gränsskiktet mellan nanoteknologi och cellbiologi, om hur celler och nanostrukturer påverkar varandra, och om hur man kan använda nanopinnar för att studera celler. Å ena sidan vill man kunna mäta egenskaper hos cellerna, det vill säga låta cellerna påverka pinnarna, å andra sidan vill man kunna styra cellerna – låta pinnarThis study explores the interaction between living biological cells and semiconductor nanowires. Biological cells are highly complex and dynamic entities, every one of them with individual characteristics and a high degree of internal and external communication. They respond to and affect their external environment with a huge web of fine-tuned control systems. Traditional biochemical tools for

We have derived elemental abundances of O, Na, Mg, Al, Si, Ca, Ti, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni as well as for a number of s-elements for 47 G and K dwarf, with [Me/H]>0.1 dex. The selection of stars was based on their kinematics as well as on their uvby-beta photometry. One sample of stars on rather eccentric orbits traces the chemical evolution interior to the solar orbit and another, on circular orbits,

Bumblebees and other pollinators have recently experienced population and diversity declines linked to habitat loss and fragmentation due to land use change. A previous study in Sweden showed a big shift in bumblebee community composition, where the Bombus terrestris complex (B. terrestris, Bombus lucorum) highly increased in relative abundance, but the relative contribution of the two different s

I detta examensarbete behandlas integrationsklausuler i svensk, engelsk och amerikansk rätt. Syftet är dels att utreda vilken rättsverkan integrationsklausuler är avsedda att medföra och i vilken grad de fyller sin funktion i engelsk respektive amerikansk rätt, dels att undersöka i vilken utsträckning samma rättsverkan kan tillerkännas integrationsklausuler i avtal på vilka svensk rätt är tillämplThis thesis deals with merger clauses, also known as integration clauses or entire agreement clauses, in Swedish, English and US law. The purpose is firstly to examine what legal effect merger clauses are designed to achieve and to what extent they are recognized as having that legal effect in English and US law respectively, and secondly to examine to what extent merger clauses can achieve the sa

Den nuvarande svenska arbetsrätten kan vara på kollisionskurs med EU-rätten avseende tidsbegränsade anställningar när det gäller implementeringen av direktiv 99/70/EG. EU-kommissionen anser att det finns en kollision mellan direktivet och sättet det införlivats i nationell rätt. Det finns bärkraftiga argument att samma skyddsnivå som avses i direktivet uppfylls indirekt genom de svenska arbetsrättCurrent Swedish labor rules may be on a collision with the European legal rules concerning time-limited employments arising from the EU directive 99/70/EC. The view of the European commission is that the directive has not been fulfilled and properly incorporated in the national rules. There are valid arguments that the level of protection as intended in the directive is achieved, regardless of the

Syftet med detta examensarbete har varit att undersöka täckningsprincipen i svensk rätt, med ett särskilt fokus på dess tillämpning när ansvar för medhjälp aktualiseras. Målet har varit att försöka utreda dels vilka krav gällande rätt uppställer vid uppsåtstäckningen vid medhjälp och dels bidra med ett normativt perspektiv genom att granska gällande rätt ur ett konformitets- och skuldperspektiv. DThe purpose of this master thesis has been to investigate the ”coverage principle”, in Swedish law, which means that the accused´s criminal intent needs to “cover” the unlawful act, for which he or she stands accused. The focus has been on the principles meaning when aiding and abetting, as defined in the Swedish Penal Code, become actualized. The applicable law has also been studied from a confor

Under de senaste decennierna har utvecklingen av metoder för assisterad befruktning gått snabbt framåt och numera kan många som lider av ofrivillig barnlöshet få hjälp att få barn genom dessa metoder. Begränsningar i både svensk och finsk lagstiftning medför dock att alla ofrivilligt barnlösa inte kan få barn genom assisterad befruktning. Dessa begränsningar drabbar främst olikkönade par där kvinnIn the past few decades, the development of methods for assisted reproduction has progressed rapidly and nowadays many people suffering from infertility can be helped to have children through these methods. However, limitations in both Swedish and Finnish legislation mean that all infertile cannot have children through assisted reproduction. These limitations affect mainly different-sex couples wh

EU anses av många ha en av världens strängaste regleringar för dataskydd. Unionen och dess medlemsstater har dock, likt resten av världen, i och med den globala och tekniska utvecklingen ett intresse av att kunna överföra personuppgifter till tredjeländer. I syfte att balansera det höga integritetsskyddet mot intresset av att överföra personuppgifter till tredjeland, finns i dataskyddsförordningenThe EU is by many considered to have one of the world's strictest regulations for data protection. However, the Union and its Member States, like the rest of the world, have an interest in being able to transfer personal data to third countries due to global and technological developments. In order to balance the high level of privacy protection against the interest in transferring personal da

Informationsutbyte och myndighetssamverkan anses vara viktiga redskap för att motverka den organiserade brottsligheten, vilken beskrivs som en stor utmaning för rättssamhället. Personer som tidigare varit kriminellt belastade löper större risk att rekryteras till kriminella grupperingar med kopplingar till den organiserade brottsligheten. Sedan 2009 bedrivs ett särskilt samarbete mellan myndigheteExchange of information and cooperation between public authorities are considered important tools to counteract organized crime, which is described as a great challenge for the society. People with a former criminal record are at greater risk of being recruited to criminal groupings with connections to organized crime. Since 2009, several Swedish public authorities cooperate to counteract organize

Enligt upphovsrätten har upphovsmannen ensamrätt till sitt verk, vilket omfattar exemplarframställning såväl som tillgängliggörande för allmänheten av alstret. Ensamrätten innebär att andra inte får använda verket på ett sätt som inkräktar på ensamrätten utan rättsinnehavarens samtycke. Regelverket har orsakat juridiska oklarheter beträffande om ett nyttjande av ett alster genom att inge det till Under copyright law, the originator has the exclusive right to his or her work, which includes reproduction as well as the right of communication to the public and the right of making it available to the public. The exclusive right means that others may not use the work in a way that infringes the exclusive right without the rightholder’s consent. The framework has caused uncertainty as to whether

This report summarizes the classification systems for surface lining materials in Europe and Japan. There is also a part including a discussion on differences, similarities and possible ways to link the two different systems together. In June 1994, an important agreement was made between the member countries in the European Community. The agreement stated that all member countries should have the

Polismän i Sverige är utrustade med en laga befogenhet att använda våld för att fullgöra de uppgifter och mål som för polisens räkning ställs upp i lag, så som att beivra brott och skydda allmänheten. Härmed krävs bland annat att våldet är proportionerligt och försvarligt i förhållande till dess syfte för att det ska anses tillåtet. Vidare tillkommer en nödvärnsrätt för alla individer, och således

The vision of birds has been extensively studied, and alot is known about what they are able to see contrast sensitivity and acuity, in different light intensities, is known Still, visual perception depends on a combination of many stimulus parameters, which can make it difficult to predict the visibility of ecologically relevant stimuli.In this doctoral thesis I have investigate visual thresholds

Diversification of forest industry activites into transport fuels is important for Swedish climate and energy policy goal achievement, and biofuel proponents also claim that it is important for Swedish forest industry competitiveness. There is significant ongoing research effort on biofuels for road transport and extensive experimentation on several technical platforms has been conducted. These di

Objectives: To evaluate the ability of the Assessment of Different NEoplasias in the adneXa (ADNEX) model and the International Ovarian Tumour Analysis (IOTA) two-step strategy to predict malignancy in adnexal masses detected in an outpatient low-risk setting, and to estimate the risk of complications in masses with benign ultrasound morphology managed using clinical and ultrasound follow-up. Meth

Background: Continuous advancements in interventional and diagnostic radiological techniques are mandatory to meet the increasing demands of patients and health care professionals. This thesis aims to contribute to the development of more effective interventional and diagnostic radiological methods for pelvic diseases. Ultimately, these advancements can lead to improved patient outcomes, optimised

An increasingly competitive market, as well as transforming consumer expectations, have considerably altered the socio-economic landscape in which contemporary profit-making organizations operate. As a result, it is more difficult than ever to establish a successful and distinct brand, whilst adhering to fast-changing customer demands – especially when consumers bank on brands to fulfil a higher p

Background: The EsPhALL2004 randomised trial showed a 10% advantage in disease-free survival for short, discontinuous use of imatinib after induction compared with no use of imatinib in patients with Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukaemia receiving Berlin-Frankfurt-Münster chemotherapy and haemopoietic stem-cell transplantation (HSCT). Other contemporary studies showed an a

BackgroundWorldwide, an estimated 5 billion people lack access to safe, affordable surgical care when needed. This leads to millions of avertable deaths and unnecessary morbidity each year. To change this situation, urgent action is needed at many levels, but indicators and data have been lacking to guide improvement.AimsThe aim of this thesis was to describe and evaluate measurement of surgical p

There is increasing evidence that fermentation in the large intestine is important for health, and that health-promoting effects are mediated by fermentation products such as butyric and propionic acid. As the formation of carboxylic acids (CAs) from various carbohydrates reaching the colon has been shown to vary, it is of great interest to identify food factors that could be of importance to this