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The aim of this study is to examine the two novels Le Rouge et le Noir and La Chartreuse de Parme in the light of the theory of 'triangular desire', elaborated by René Girard in Mensonge romantique et vérité romanesque (1961). According to this theory, desire in Stendhal's novels – that is desire in a very general sense – is not spontaneous, but derived from a third part, that Girard labels the 'm
BACKGROUND: Knowledge is limited regarding the association between stem cells in histologically benign breast tissue and risk factors for breast cancer, and hence we addressed this issue in the present study. Recently, we assessed the histology of benign breast tissue from cancer and non-cancer patients for cells positive for the putative stem cell marker aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 A1 (ALDH), and th
Introduction: Moving in very old age is considered to be a major life event and relocation and access to appropriate housing options is a hot topic in the public debate across Europe. For very old people, the decision-making process and aspects influencing relocation is not well studied. Occupational therapy interventions mainly focus on ageing-in-place solutions when aiming for independence and w
Antimicrobial peptides represent a heterogeneous group that displays multiple modes of action such as bacteriostatic, microbicidal and cytolytic properties that are sequence and concentration dependent. Life threatening infectious disease is now a worldwide crisis and treating them effectively is becoming difficult day by day, due to the emergence of antibiotic resistant strains at alarming rates.
Popular Abstract in Swedish Den pågående globaliseringen skapar ett behov av ökad kommunikationskompetens bland svenskar som arbetar ute i världen. Denna studie baseras på beskrivningar av de kommunikationsprocesser som används av svenskar, när de möter icke-svenskar på yrkets vägnar vid arbete utanför Sverige. Beskrivningarna baseras på intervjuer. Studien är inriktad på tre områden. De kommunikGlobalization creates a need for increased communication competence among Swedes working on the global arena. This study is based on reports of communication processes used by Swedes when interacting professionally with non-Swedes. The reports are derived from interviews. The study focuses on three areas. The communication strategies developed by the respondents for intercultural communication. T
Popular Abstract in Swedish Fetma är ett världsomfattande hälsoproblem som drabbar rika och fattiga länder i samma utsträckning och leder till minskad förväntad livslängd. Detta är inte bara ett problem i sig utan för med sig ytterligare följdsjukdomar så som diabetes, hjärt- kärlsjukdomar, vissa former av cancer och artros. Det är en allmän uppfattning att den oroväckande ökningen av fetma under Obesity is one of the major health concerns that has reached epidemic proportions globally. It is generally believed to be a result of interactions between genetic and environmental factors. In this thesis we investigated the role of dietary factors in modifying the genetic susceptibility to obesity (papers I to III), studied the association between genetic susceptibility to obesity and weight gai
Popular Abstract in Swedish De senaste ca trettio åren har man observerat en kraftig ökning av löst organiskt kol i sjöar, vattendrag och kustnära vatten i olika delar av det norra halvklotet, bl.a. i delar av Nordamerika, Storbritannien, Baltikum, centrala Europa och Skandinavien. I Sverige har ökningen främst varit koncentrerad till de södra delarna av landet. Löst organiskt kol i sjöar belägna During the past three decades, increases have been observed in dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations and colour in the surface waters of lakes and rivers in parts of Europe and North America, raising concern about the effects on the quality of aquatic environments with consequences for biodiversity, resource availability and recreational use. Various hypotheses have been put forward to exp
Modern IC-engines produce more power per displaced volume and operate at higher combustion pressures and temperatures. In addition, engine structure materials such as aluminium and magnesium alloys, which are more sensitive to thermal loads, are more commonly used. These two parameters might lead to problems such as thermal fatigue, knock, high fuel consumption and emissions, performance loss, bor
Det råder ingen tvekan om att internet idag uppfattas som en del av vår vardag och att det utgör ett nödvändigt verktyg för att få tillgång till information, såväl av kommersiell som privat natur. I takt med den tekniska utvecklingen och den ökade tillgängligheten som internet medför ökar även konkurrensen i informationsflödet, vilket marknaden har behövt anpassa sig till. Idag finns möjligheten aThere is no doubt that the internet today is considered as an integral part of our daily lives and that it constitutes a necessary tool in order to gain access to information, both commercial and private. In line with the technological development and the increased access to information made possible by the internet, there is also an increased competition in the information flow, which the market
Uppgiftsskydd och marknadsexklusivitet är två nya immaterialrättsliga skydd till fördel för forskande läkemedelsföretag. Dessa skydd utgör komplement till bland annat patent och upphovsrätt och syftar till att skydda läkemedelsföretagens produkter från konkurrens. Uppgiftsskydd och marknadsexklusivitet har funnits i EU:s lagstiftning sedan 1987 men har först de senaste åren fått en ökad betydelse Data exclusivity and marketing exclusivity are two new forms intellectual property rights, for the benefit of pharmaceutical companies. They constitute a complement to other IPRs, including patent and copyright, and are intended to provide new pharmaceutical products with a limited time of protection against competition. Data exclusivity and marketing exclusivity has been a part of EU legislation
Laddade partiklar med hög energi kan ibland färdas snabbare än ljusets hastighet i det medium det för stunden befinner sig i. När detta sker, emitteras så kallat Cerenkovljus. Ljuset ligger inom det synliga spektret och kan alltså detekteras med vanlig kamerateknik. Många av de radionuklider som används för nukleärmedicinska undersökningar och terapier emitterar högenergetiska laddade partiklar nBackground: Cerenkov Luminescence Imaging detects the light emitted when a charged particle travels through a medium with a velocity greater than the phase velocity of light in that medium. The beta-particles emitted from many radionuclides used in nuclear medicine have sufficient kinetic energy to satisfy the requirement. Purpose: This thesis aimed to examine the physical and optical properties
Popular science summary Do metformin and phenformin cause toxicity to mitochondria of human blood cells? Metformin and phenformin are anti-diabetic drugs associated with lactic acidosis as a rare side effect. This side effect is thought to be due to drug-induced mitochondrial dysfunction. In this project, the mitochondrial toxicity of metformin and phenformin was assessed in human blood cells. I
Abstract Background – The ability to generate induced pluripotent stem cells-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CM) has raised much expectation for treatment of myocardial infarction as a stem cell based therapy. In the present study we aimed to evaluate the ability of iPSC-CM production in vitro from three fibroblast sources and verify if there is inter-clonal or inter-source variance. Methods and Res
Denna uppsats belyser problematiken med överprövningar som föranleder upphandlande myndigheter att frångå det obligatoriska annonseringskravet genom att direktupphandla samhällsåtaganden på grund av synnerlig brådska. Att en upphandlande myndighet blivit tvungen att direktupphandla ett samhällsåtagande, i syfte att utföra en obligatorisk skyldighet, för att det uppstått brådska på grund av överpröThis thesis highlights the problem of review procedures that lead contracting authorities to waive the mandatory publication of a contract notice by directly procuring public commitments due to extreme urgency. The fact that a contracting authority has been forced to directly procure a public commitment, in order to perform a mandatory duty, in the event of urgency due to a review procedure will n
Solidariskt ansvar är huvudregeln när flera skadevållare gör sig skyldiga till en och samma skada. Solidariskt skadeståndsansvar innebär att skadelidande kan kräva en av skadevållarna på hela skadeståndsbeloppet som om skadevållaren skulle varit ensam ansvarig. Det krävs att de allmänna förutsättningarna för skadeståndsskyldighet är uppfyllda för var och en av skadevållarna. Den som har blivit kräJoint and several liability is the general rule in Swedish law when multiple guilty parties are responsible for one together caused damage. Joint and several liability means that the injured party can claim that just one of tortfeasors is held responsible for the entire amount of the damages like as if the tortfeasor was alone responsible for the whole damage. The general conditions for liability
Popular science summary The effect of glucose and incretin proteins on insulin secretion and OPN production Insulin secretion is a sensitive cellular process with ramifications in diabetes mellitus development. Diabetes mellitus is characterized by hyperglycemia, a chronic condition defined by high levels of circulating glucose. Insulin hormone is the primary regulator of glucose absorption from
Buildings account for a significant portion of energy consumption and carbon dioxide production in the United States. Renovations could improve the energy efficiency of these buildings. However, a number of market barriers, e.g. high upfront costs, are resulting in a low adoption rate of energy efficiency (EE) technologies in the building sector. Apartment buildings face an additional challenge of
Traditionally, the underground problems have been handled in the topic geotechnical engineering. Within geotechnical engineering FEM has in recent years begun to be used to solve problems in the soil mechanics. The soil mechanical relations are also applicable to the superstructure materials. The usage of the same tools on the entire road structure increases the chances to catch the degradation of
The purpose of this essay is to compare the sacrifice story in Gen 22 with rabbinical commentaries on the binding of Isaac (Aqedah). More specifically, I want to examine what it is in the text of Gen 22 that may have influenced and inspired the early rabbinic tradition of Aqedah; that all subsequent animal sacrifices received its force and validity from the profits that Isaac won by his sacrifice.
Oerhörda mängder varor kommer till EU:s gränskontroller varje dag. Kontrollerna bör hanteras snabbt och effektivt för att attrahera handel med vår union – och samtidigt hålla goda standarder vad gäller kontrollen av säkerheten och lagligheten av de produkter som förs in i EU. Problem kan uppstå då misstankar väcks om att varor under transit - trots angivelse om slutlig destination utanför EU – komAn incredible amount of goods arrive at the EU border controls everyday. The controls have to be performed quickly and efficiently in order to attract trade with our union – at the same time maintain good standards safeguarding the security and legality of products that cross the EU border. Problems can occur when supsicion arises that goods in transit – despite information about a final destina
