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The dimension of a quantum state is traditionally seen as the number of superposed distinguishable states in a given basis. We propose an absolute, i.e., basis-independent, notion of dimensionality for ensembles of quantum states. It is based on whether a quantum ensemble can be simulated with states confined to arbitrary lower-dimensional subspaces and classical postprocessing. In order to determ
Following the recent resurgence of capitalism as a key subject in historical analysis, historians have highlighted the globally interconnected making and remaking of capitalism. Commodity-centred histories in global history have shown how to write locally grounded histories of global capitalism emphasising the complex and contingent relationship between the local and the global. In these accounts,
This article assesses the main innovations in the newly adopted Directive 2015/1513 on renewable energy and biofuels in the EU transport sector. It analyses the strengths and weaknesses of this legal framework and reflects on possible future elaborations of the EU approach to renewable energy and sustainable biofuels in the transport sector. These developments must be in balance with the productio
Work Environment Policy for the Department of Political Science including Targets for 2021–2023 and Action Plan for 2021 11 March 2021 Department of Political Science Work Environment Policy for the Department of Political Science including Targets for 2021–2023 and Action Plan for 2021 At its meeting on 17 March 2021, the board of the Department of Political Science approved the present Work Envi
Det finns ett växande intresse för den roll som lokala aktörer spelar i utformningen av regionala utvecklingsbanor i mindre, perifera regioner. Men, när de strukturella förutsättningarna är begränsade eller ogynnsamma begränsas dock möjligheterna för lokala aktörer. I denna artikel kombinerar vi begreppen agens och möjlighetsutrymme med en processmodell för adaptiva cykler för att identifiera när,
We report on fabrication and optical characterization of GaAs nanopillar (NP) arrays, obtained using a combination of low-cost mask generation by self-assembled silica particles (nanosphere lithography) and dry etching. Tapered structures (conical and frustum NP arrays) are fabricated by appropriate optimization of process parameters. Significant suppression of surface reflectance is observed for
Det är vanligt förekommande att fysiska och juridiska personer vill minska sin beskattning. Det finns stor variation i förfaringssätt som medför minskad beskattning. Denna uppsats undersöker om dubbel skattefrihet kan uppstå vid hemvistbyte. Dubbel skattefrihet innebär att varken den nya eller tidigare hemviststaten beskattar personen. På så sätt blir vissa inkomster skattefria. Det har tidigare fIt is common that physical and legal entities want to reduce their taxation, and there are several processes available. This paper examines whether double exemption of tax can arise when changing residence. Double non-taxation means that neither the new nor previous state of residence will tax that entity. Some income will therefore be excluded from taxation. Such a process has previously been pos
Genom att utnyttja generella socialpsykologiska mänskliga sårbarhetsfaktorer kan en gärningsperson manipulera en individ att lämna ifrån sig konfidentiell information. Utnyttjandet av mänsklig kontakt och förtroende i syfte att erhålla information kan företas med hjälp av informationsteknik eller genom en mer traditionell och humanistisk interaktion. Denna typ av utnyttjande benämns som social manBy utilizing general social psychological human vulnerability factors, an offender can manipulate an individual to disclose confidential information. The utilization of human contact and trust for the purpose of obtaining information can be done with the help of information technology or through traditional humanistic interaction. This type of exploitation is referred to as social engineering. The
In a rapidly urbanising world, the importance of rural towns and villages is often forgotten. Many people see more opportunities for employment, social life and their children’s future in the big city, leaving smaller, rural places empty and abandoned. This process of rapid urbanisation can in the long run result in the loss of many valuable villages, along with their local community and the tradi
Syftet med uppsatsen är att fördjupa förståelsen av hur familjeföretag kan lyckas under successionsprocessen genom att illustrera en framgångsrik succession i ett familjeföretag i Sverige. För att nå syftet genomfördes en kvalitativ studie i form av semistrukturerade intervjuer. Studien har haft en socialkonstruktionistiskt och tolkande utgångspunkt. Studien är baserad på tidigare forskning om fam
Recent theories predict phase separation among orientationally disordered active particles whose propulsion speed decreases rapidly enough with density. Coarse-grained models of this process show time-reversal symmetry (detailed balance) to be restored for uniform states, but broken by gradient terms; hence, detailed-balance violation is strongly coupled to interfacial phenomena. To explore the su
This study is the first to present evidence of the return to leisure sports in the job hiring process by sending fictitious applications to real job openings in the Swedish labor market. In the field experiment job applicants were randomly given different information about their type and level of leisure sports. Applicants who signaled sports skills had a significantly higher callback rate of abou
Digital gameplay is now firmly embedded in everyday practices in many Scandinavian homes. This paper deals with the constitution of such practices in families by taking a closer look at the material objects essential to play and their role in the “design of everyday life” (Shove et al 2007). It uses ethnographic method and anthropological practice theory to attend to the domestic spaces of leisure
In 2001 the Doha Round Talks was initiated by the World Trade Organization. Development was the overarching goal. For several developing countries with a comparative advantage in agriculture, trade with such products is seen as essential to economic growth and thus development. In order to spur this development it appears to be particularly important that developing countries have increased access
The purpose of this thesis was to study descriptions of companies on their webpages on the Internet. This was performed from a socialconstructionist point of view with focus being on subject positionings and gender. A critical discourse analysis was carried out on two texts from the webpages of two organizations on the Internet. Using the three dimensional model for critical discourse analysis by
This study examines the roles of transitional justice and reconciliation in post-conflict societies and the relationship between these two concepts. There seem to be a widespread pessimism regarding the possibility of combining these two concepts in a post-conflict situation due to what is described as a fundamental tension between justice and reconciliation. However, I find that the connection an
