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På 1970-talet stämde en grupp samer den svenska staten då de ansåg sig ha bättre rätt till ett geografiskt område kallat Skattefjällen. Samer är av svenska staten erkända som ett ursprungsfolk, och som en minoritetsgrupp. Skattefjällsmålet togs upp av Högsta domstolen 1981 och resulterade i ett prejudikat som sedan dess haft stort inflytande på de flesta mål som berört samers rättigheter. Syftet In the 1970s a group of Sami people sued the Swedish State claiming a better right to a geographic area referred to as the Taxed Mountain (Skattefjällen). The Sami people are recognised as an indigenous people, and a minority group, by the Swedish State. The Taxed Mountain Case (Skattefjällsmålet), that reached the Supreme Court (Högsta domstolen) in the year of 1981, resulted in a precedent that

Behovet av att skapa hållbara och flexibla byggnader har vuxit under de senaste åren, inte minst för att möta högt uppsatta klimatmål. Utrymmena mellan byggnaderna, med andra ord utemiljöer, har regelbundet prioriterats sekundärt och anpassats i stor utsträckning efter det bebyggda behovet. Utemiljöer i urban kontext innehåller ofta mer eller mindre kollektiva varor, som är icke-exkluderbara och iThe need for sustainable and flexible buildings has grown in recent years in order to meet climate goals. However, outdoor environments have often been overlooked and is often strongly controlled by the built environment. These spaces hold significant social and ecological benefits but pose challenges for real estate companies as they lack direct financial returns. Well-designed outdoor environme

“ We are both created and create.Why cannot our own creations also create?” Så lät uttalandet från den australienska domaren i det patenträttsliga fallet DABUS. AI är ett väldiskuterat samhällsområde där utvecklingen går så snabbt att det är svårt för lagstiftningen att hinna med. Uppfinnarbegreppet i patenträtten baserar sig på att det är en fysisk person som är uppfinnare. Det är lagstiftat i en“We are both created and create. Why cannot our creations also create?” That was the statement of the Australian judge in the DABUS patent case. AI is a rapidly developing and often discussed aspect of society where its accelerated development makes it difficult for legislation to advance at the same rate. The concept of inventor in patent law is based on the fact that it is a natural person who i

Physical phenomena that are unexplained by the Standard Model (SM) of particle physics, are the subject of the area of research known as physics Beyond the Standard Model (BSM). BSM physics contains many Dark Matter (DM) theories which have emerged; from particles such as axions, neutrinos, and Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs), to primordial black holes and others. The range of exper

The world is slowly moving towards a more environmentally friendly mindset and many companies, such as Tetra Pak® have followed this lead by producing more environmentally friendly products and developing better materials with less environmental impact. To accommodate these requirements, it is important that the package is recyclable. For a carton this is defined by the repulpability, i.e., the ab

Det är en varm och solig dag. Du ligger på rygg på en grönskande äng och ur ögonvrån ser du ett bi surra av och an tätt ovanför marken, på jakt efter nektar och pollen. Biet tar ett varv runt ängen medan du ligger kvar och funderar ett slag över hur ett sådant bi, som måste flyga hit och dit för att leta upp blommande växter, förmår att hitta hem igen. Dina tankar avbryts av ett surrande: biet närNeuromorphic computational networks, inspired by biological neural networks, provide a possible way of lowering computational energy cost, while at the same time allowing for much more sophisticated devices capable of real-time inferences and learning. Since simulating artificial neural networks on conventional computers is particularly inefficient, the development of neuromorphic devices is stron

This study investigates the relationship between income levels and carbon dioxide emissions to examine evidence for or against the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) and thereby the possibility of continued growth without ongoing carbon dioxide emissions. The paper uses data on carbon dioxide emissions derived from both territorial and consumption-based accounting methods as dependent variables. Th

Underrättelseverksamhet bedrivs till stor del i syfte att förebygga eller förhindra brott. En vital del av utredningsarbetet är att identifiera och avgränsa potentiella misstänkta. Arbetsmetoden kallas för förutsägande profilering. Metoden förutsätter bearbetning och insamling av uppgifter när misstanken ännu inte kan individualiseras. Sådana uppgifter kan innehålla så kallade känsliga personuppgiIntelligence service is largely conducted by crime prevention agencies. A vital part of the investigation is to identify and delimit potential suspects. The method is called predictive profiling. The method implies processing and collecting information when the suspicion cannot yet be individualized. Such data may contain so called sensitive data. The registration of sensitive data impli-cates a v

Vad händer bakom museimontrar och magasindörrar? Vem bestämmer vilket kulturarv som ska bevaras och vilken del av det ska utställas? Vem driver det osynliga maskineriet av museernas backstage-funktioner och genomför dagliga museirutiner? Museer som modernitetsinstitutioner har en särskild roll i processen för kunskapsproduktion och maktfördelning inom samhällen, först och främst genom att synliggöWhat exactly happens behind museum displays and repository doors? Who decides what heritage has to be preserved and what part of it should be exhibited? Who operates all this invisible machinery of the museums’ backstage functions and executes its daily routines? Museums as institutions of modernity have a specific role in the process of knowledge production and power redistribution within societi

It can no longer be refuted that greywater reuse is paramount to curbing the persistent global water crisis. Of the domestic wastewaters, greywater is less polluted than blackwater, but treatment is still necessary to make it safe for reuse. The most common greywater reuse application is toilet flushing. However, the use of vacuum toilets in the Oceanhamnen project, covered in this thesis, means t

In Switzerland the one-and-a-half-earner model where the father is the primary wage-earner working full-time and the woman is the secondary wage-earner working part-time while taking over the majority of care and housework responsibilities is predominant. This is discussed criti-cally as the normative and institutional context incentivises parents to adopt a division of labour that disadvantages w

The initial mass function (IMF) describes the stellar mass distribution for a population of stars at birth. This parameter represents a topic of long standing discussion within astronomy due to its apparent insensitive nature to environmental conditions. However, in the last decade, significant evidence suggesting the contrary has been presented. Due to the role of the IMF as an input variable for

Stålindustrin står för uppskattningsvis 7–9 % av de globala växthusgasutsläppen. Därför måste stålindustrin bidra till minskningen av växthusgasutsläppen. Under lång tid har stålindustrin fokuserat på mindre och frekventa inkrementella minskningar av CO2 utsläpp genom energieffektiviseringsåtgärder. Dessa åtgärder kommer inte att räcka för att nå målen som är överenskomna i Parisavtalet eftersom uThe steel industry is accountable for approximately 7–9 % of global GHG emissions. Therefore, the steel industry must contribute to the reductiuon of emissions of GHG. For a long time, the industry has focused on minor and frequent incremental reductions of CO2 emissions by implementing energy efficiency measures. However, these types of measures will not be sufficient to reach the goals agreed up

With increased demand and high prices for minerals and metals in recent years, many resource rich developing countries see mining sector as vital to develop their economies. Colombia is one of these nations. Non-renewable natural resource wealth is seen as an opportunity to obtain economic benefits that can be transformed into increased wellbeing for citizens. However, mining often involves a high

Social services work with violent fathers The objective of this study was to review and analyze how social workers, employed by the Swedish social services, work with fathers that are domestically violent and to discuss their views and perceptions on this issue. Domestic violence is traditionally considered a private matter, and in the past has largely not been considered a child protection issue

Background As a part of the Service Organization’s earlier initiated and at the moment on-going project; “A more efficient Service Organization”, daily management has been identified as playing a major part. The starting-point for this has been to gain insight into how the Service Organization is actually performing and how it would be possible to measure, follow-up and visualize this performance.

Context. The ESA space astrometry mission Gaia, planned to be launched in 2013, has been designed to make angular measurements on a global scale with micro-arcsecond accuracy. A key component of the data processing for Gaia is the astrometric core solution, which must implement an efficient and accurate numerical algorithm to solve the resulting, extremely large least-squares problem. The Astromet

Background Leaf-cutting ants live in symbiosis with a fungus that they rear for food by providing it with live plant material. Until recently the fungus' main inferred function was to make otherwise inaccessible cell wall degradation products available to the ants, but new studies have shed doubt on this idea. To provide evidence for the cell wall degrading capacity of the attine ant symbiont, we

In this thesis focus is on two aims: 1) to investigate the emergence and establishment of medieval rural archaeology as an archaeological field of study, from the 1930’s up until today and 2) based on the results made in this study, to discuss generally how new subject areas are incorporated and maintained within the humanities. Thus, the scope of the thesis does not lie on the medieval period wit

In order to achieve the goal of sustainable banking, banks such as commercial banks have to adopt proactive strategies for reducing internal operation risks from environmental issues thereby realizing long-term profitability by external financing of environmentally friendly products and services. As a general pathway to sustainable banking, environmental risk management (ERM) is regarded as a prev