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Popular Abstract in Swedish Antikroppar är viktiga beståndsdelar av det naturliga immunförsvaret som skyddar oss mot smittämnen, såsom bakterier och virus. Utvecklingen av olika genetiska och biokemiska teknologier har dessutom möjliggjort användningen av antikroppar för en mängd ändmål, bl a för diagnostik och behandling av infektionssjukdomar och cancer. I denna avhandling, som bygger på fem vetAntibodies are key players of the immune system in higher vertebrates, which provide a defense against potentially lethal threats from the environment. Besides their importance in the immune defense, antibodies have a great potential as reagents in biological chemistry and diagnostics, and as therapeutic agents against both infectious diseases and cancer. Despite tremendous advances in all fields

Two-photon-induced Degenerate Four-Wave Mixing, DFWM, was applied for the first time to the detection of CO, and NH3 molecules. Measurements were performed in a cell, and in atmospheric-pressure flames. In the cell measurements, the signal dependence on the pressure and on the laser beam intensity was studied. The possibility of simultaneous detection of NH3 and OH was investigated. Carbon monoxid

Transforming growth factor-§ (TGF-§) is a potent, multifunctional growth factor affecting virtually all cell types, regulating critical physiological processes like immune response, wound healing, angiogenesis, and tumor development. A large number of studies in vitro have also implicated a critical role of TGF-§ in regulating hematopoiesis by inhibiting proliferation of hematopoietic stem cells (

Nucleotide metabolism and replication of nucleic acids are processes of fundamental importance. A crucial enzyme in nucleotide metabolism is dUTPase (E.C. 3.6.1.23), that catalyses the hydrolysis of dUTP to dUMP and pyrophosphate. The activity of the enzyme has influence on the outcome of DNA replication and complete loss of enzyme activity is lethal, while a decreased activity promotes increased

The setting for this study is Swedish film culture of the 1920s, which has been studied with a focus on representations of masculinity and gender relations according to four themes: 1) children and youth 2) fatherhood and love 3) sexuality and popularity 4) ethnicity and racial stereotyping. The rise of new consumer culture in the first decades of the 20th century created turmoil between traditio

The object of this thesis is to describe, analyze and understand the terms and meanings of the public information and the political communication for local democracy, in today´s media landscape, out of the interaction between the main parties of the local society in Sjöbo and Ystad and from the stand point of earlier research and theories. The study has analyzed the actions performed by citizens,

Popular Abstract in Swedish Ta ett djupt andetag och tänk på vad du nu har i lungorna! Jo, det är luft, förstås, syre kväve och sådant. Men det är också något annat. I varje kubikcentimeter du andas in finns tusentals partiklar, alla för små för att kunna ses med blotta ögat. Om dessa partiklar handlar denna avhandling. Vi kallar luftburna partiklar för aerosoler, ett begrepp som innefattar allt Airborne particles are everywhere around us, and have always been. Particles generated by human activities has increased drastically since industrialization, and several epidemiological studies have shown that inhaled particles can cause adverse health effects. The concern about health effects have during the last decade shifted towards fine and ultrafine particles, not least due to the emerging f

Popular Abstract in Swedish Vår värld drivs av förbränning. Från den lilla elden som används vid matlagning till gigantiska gasturbiner och kolkraftverk som genererar en stor del av all elektricitet. Dessutom så drivs nästan alla fordon av förbränningsmotorer. Det har uppskattats att över nittio procent av alla energi vi i världen omvandlar kommer från förbränning i någon form. Det är således ganHigh repetition rate laser diagnostics has proven to be a useful tool for studying combustion phenomena. Laser techniques are, in general, relatively non-intrusive and have the potential to measure specific species at very low concentrations and with extremely high temporal resolution. However, most laser systems in this field of research are limited to repetition rates below 100 Hz, and are thus

Purpose: The detection of malignant tumours relies on a variety of diagnostic procedures including X-ray images and, for hollow organs, endoscopy. The purpose of this study was to present a new technique for non-invasive tumour detection based on tissue fluorescence imaging. Material and Methods: A clinically adapted multi-colour fluorescence system was employed in the real-time imaging of maligna

The aim of the work presented in this thesis was to investigate nature of adsorption of amphiphiles to the solid–liquid interface. The surface aggregate structures of the zwitterionic surfactant dodecyldimethylammoniopropanesulfonate, (DDAPS) and a series of nonionic polyoxyethlylene glycol alkyl ethers (C10E5, C12E5, C12E8, C10E6, C14E6 and C16E6) have been determined by Atomic Force Microscopy o

Popular Abstract in Swedish POPULÄRVETENSKAPLIG SAMMANFATTNING PÅ SVENSKA Vår arvsmassa finn's lagrad som linjära dubbelsträngade DNA-molekyler, kromosomer, i våra celler. Celler i vävnader och organ förnya's ständigt genom celldelning. Kromosomerna i en cell måste replikera's för att kunna ge upphov till två nya celler. Replikeringsmaskineriet har bara förmågan att arbeta i en riktning läng's meABSTRACT Telomerase activity is a potential molecular marker for cancer and primitive cells in regenerative tissues. The most commonly used method to measure telomerase activity in cells is the telomerase reverse amplification protocol (TRAP) assay, where the protein extracts derived from homogenized cells are analysed. In this thesis we focused on developing a method where telomerase activity co

Demands for efficient, economical and fast separation and purification methods for various target molecules have led to the development of new techniques and materials for bioseparation processes. Separation can be carried out in both batch and chromatographic modes. Running the separation step in a conventional chromatographic column is more efficient than batch mode, but there are some limitatio

The WT1 protein, a product of the Wilms’ tumour 1 gene (WT1) is a zinc finger transcription factor implicated in a number of cellular processes particularly involved in the development of the urogenital system. Mutations in this gene have been implicated in abnormal development of the urogenital system resulting in syndromes such as the Denys-Drash, WAGR and Frasier and in the childhood kidney mal

In semiarid and arid Tunisia, water quality and agricultural practices are the major contributing factors to the degradation of soil resources threatening the sustainability of irrigation systems and agricultural productivity. Nowadays, about 50% of the total irrigated areas in Tunisia are considered at high risk for salinization. The aim of this thesis was to study soil management and salinity re

Mänskliga rättigheter och internationell humanitär rätt har traditionellt betraktats som två skilda rättsområden. i dag är mänskliga rättigheter emellertid universellt tillämpliga, även under väpnade konflikter. Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka i vilken utsträckning Europadomstolen tillämpat eller tagit hänsyn till internationell humanitär rätt i sina domar. Vad som visas är att EuropadInternational human rights law and international humanitarian law are traditionally two distinct branches of law, one dealing with the protection of individuals, the other with the conduct of parties to an armed conflict. There is today a recognition that international human rights law is applicable in situations of armed conflict, in parallel with international humanitarian law. The aim of this M

Offentlig upphandling är ett ämne där många har synpunkter och ämnet har också debatteras frekvent i media och inom den juridiska diskursen. Inte minst handlar det om miljökrav där också fler och fler använda sig ut av dessa krav i sina upphandlingar. Ett samordnade och stödjande arbete med råd om hur man kan ställa miljökrav har bedrivits, inte minst inom ramen för Miljöstyrningsrådet (MSR). SamPublic procurement has been frequently debated in news-media but also in the legal discourse, during the last years. Especially regarding the possibility to set environmental goals and we can see these requirements being more frequently used. Coordinating and supporting functions has been developed with advice on how to set these types of requirements. For example has MSR (Miljöstyrningsrådet) bee

Ebola virus (EBOV) belongs to the group of nonsegmented negative-sense RNA viruses. The seven EBOV genes are separated by variable gene borders, including short (4- or 5-nucleotide) intergenic regions (IRs), a single long (144-nucleotide) IR, and gene overlaps, where the neighboring gene end and start signals share five conserved nucleotides. The unique structure of the gene overlaps and the prese

Med den här uppsatsen har jag velat belysa och undersöka olika bevisrättsliga grundbegrepp som är relevanta vid prövningen av någons identitet i skyddsgrundande ärenden. Med begrepp som bevisbörda, utredningsansvar och beviskrav har jag dels velat lyfta fram bevisprövningen i sig, dels belysa några rättssäkerhetsaspekter som kan komma att aktualiseras. Identiteten är en del av skyddsbedömningen

En oannonserad inspektion i konkurrensrättsliga sammanhang innebär att kommissionen eller bemyndigad konkurrensmyndighet besöker ett företag innan öppning för att gå igenom handlingar av olika slag, i syfte att påträffa bevis som styrker överträdelser av konkurrensrättsliga regler. Ett sådant förfarande är ett stort ingrepp i företagets integritet och därför ställs det höga krav på hur myndigheterAn unannounced inspection in competition law confers a right for the com-mission or authorized national competition authority to visit the premises of a company before opening hours, in order to search documents for evidence of competition law infringements. Such a procedure is extremely intrusive, in questioning a company’s integrity; therefore the commission, or national competition authorities,