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Directive 2003/54/EC of the European Commission set the ground for an integrated and liberalized electricity market in Europe. According to the law of one price the possibility for perfect arbitrage and the absence of trade restrictions lead to homogeneous goods being priced uniformly across countries. The aim of this study is to test whether the law of one price is applicable to the electricity m
Volatile conflicts, poverty and suppression of basic human rights stemming from one's political or religious affiliations, gender and race, are some of the various reasons why thousands flee home in the hopes of finding some kind of security. As the world observes the appalling deterioration of conflicts in Western Sudan, Iraq and Haiti, we simultaneously observe neighbouring or developed coun
Denna uppsats syftar till att fastställa hur införandet av Enhetliga Patent och den Europeiska- och EU-patentdomstolen kommer att påverka läkemedelsindustrins val av patentansökningsförfarande när de ansöker om patent i Europa i framtiden. För att fastställa de förväntade effekterna av Enhetliga Patent på branschen har intervjuer med ett urval personer inom forskning- och utvecklingsföretag och enThis thesis aims to establish how the introduction of the Unitary Patent and the European and European Union Patent Court will affect the pharmaceutical industry’s choice of patent application route when applying for patents in Europe in the future. To establish the expected effect of the Unitary Patent on the industry interviews with a selection of professionals in the research and development in
Social, ecological, and cultural impacts associated with the U.S. military in Hawaii are egregious. However, due to the historical oppressions and injustices to Hawaiians, the U.S. military maintains their hegemony by wielding a disproportionate decisive political and economic power. This study aims to explore perceptions of Native Hawaiian and non-native activists regarding the military impacts a
The peace accord between the government of Colombia and the FARC-guerrilla has caught the attention of the world, not least for its deliberate focus on gender and the inclusion of women in the peace process. This essay aims to investigate the relation between theoretical outlining guidelines presented within the IDDRS framework. As to the construction of Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegrati
This paper examines the relationship between oil prices and its pass-through to inflation and inflation differentials in the European Monetary Union from the first quarter of 1999 to the last quarter of 2021. By using local projections to derive impulse response functions of an oil price shock, the pass-through to the inflation level is examined focusing on the role of energy-related transmission
Det svenska straffrättsliga systemet bygger på att endast fysiska personer kan begå brott och straffas för dessa. För näringsidkare, såväl fysiska som juridiska personer, har det istället införts särskilda sanktioner såsom företagsbot. Någon särskild reglering av företagsbotsprocessen och näringsidkarens processuella rättigheter vid en talan om företagsbot har däremot inte införts. Samtidigt uppstThe Swedish criminal justice system is based on the fact that only physical persons can commit crimes and be punished for them. For traders, both physical and legal persons, special sanctions such as a corporate fine have been introduced. However, no special regulations of neither the corporate fine procedure nor the procedural rights for traders, when pursuing criminal charges of a corporate fine
Despite uneventful primary surgery, patients with cleft palate may experience velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI) and hypernasal speech. Videoradiography of velopharynx is a commonly used method to visualize velopharyngeal function and a velopharyngeal flap is often used to counteract VPI. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the frontal projection on videoradiography plays a role in th
Islet cell antibodies (ICA) are a specific marker for Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus. ICA are found in the serum of over 80% of newly diagnosed patients and the levels of ICA are directly of prognostic value. Standardisation of ICA and the uniform reporting of ICA levels in international units is critical to preclinical/clinical research and the development of assays for ICA as diagn
Växtätare kan påverka ekosystemprocesser, dels genom långsiktiga förändringar av växtsamhällets sammansättning, men också på kortare sikt genom derasmatspjälkning av organiskt material som cyklas genom markens nedbryderorganismer och tillbaka till de primära producenterna. Särskilt störreväxtätare har studerats i stor utsträckning, men i vissa ekosystem som skogar kan de mindre ryggradslösa växtätHerbivory can influence ecosystem processes, partly through long-term changes of the plant community compositions, but also more rapidly through the herbivores’ digestive alteration of the organic matter that is cycled through the soil and back to the primary producers. In the Subarctic mountain birch (Betula pubescens ssp. czerepanovii) forest (SMBF) in Northern Fennoscandia, outbreaks by the geo
Purpose: This study aims to focus on the surface curvature, jet to target spacing and jet Reynolds number effects on the heat transfer and fluid flow characteristics of a slot jet impinging on a confined concave target surface at constant jet to target spacing. Design/methodology/approach: Numerical simulations are used in this research. Jet to target spacing, H/B is varying from 1.0 to 2.2, B is
Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to study the effects of dimple geometries and arrangements on the heat transfer enhancement in a dimple jacketed heat exchanger. Design/methodology/approach: For the purpose of this paper, with the experimental validated numerical model, this paper carries out numerical simulations of both single dimples with different geometries and the whole dimple jacketed
Objective To evaluate current evidence on the efficacy and safety of topical and systemic medications in patients with primary Sjögren syndrome (SjS) to inform European League Against Rheumatism treatment recommendations. Methods The MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane databases were searched for case-control/prospective cohort studies, randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and systematic reviews. Results
Results of a search for gluino pair production with subsequent R-parity-violating decays to quarks are presented. This search uses 36.1 fb−1 of data collected by the ATLAS detector in proton–proton collisions with a centre-of-mass energy of s=13 TeV at the LHC. The analysis is performed using requirements on the number of jets and the number of jets tagged as containing a b-hadron as well as a top
Promoting the culinary profile of a nation is a commonly used tool when marketing the food, drink, and culinary tourism sectors of a country. Different versions of gastronationalism (i.e., images of the culinary excellence of a nation) appear in this context. This article explores Swedish gastronationalism. The aim is to nuance and widen the discussion of gastronationalism by offering a historic c
Objective: Early decrease in fetal haemoglobin (HbF) is an indicator of loss of endogenous blood components that might have predictive value for development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). The link between HbF and BPD has not been evaluated. Design: Retrospective observational study. Setting: Tertiary level neonatal intensive care unit, referral centre for Southern Sweden. Patients: 452 very
Background: There is growing evidence that the neuropsychiatric and neurological disorders depression, ataxia and dystonia share common biological pathways. We therefore aimed to increase our understanding of their shared pathophysiology by investigating their shared biological pathways and molecular networks. Methods: We constructed gene sets for depression, ataxia, and dystonia using the Human P
The raison d’être of the humanities is widely held to reside in its unique ability to generate critical thinking and critical thinkers. But what is “critical thinking?” Is it a generalized mode of reasoning or a form of political critique? How does it relate to discipline-specific practices of scholarly pursuit? How does it relate to discourses of “post-truth” and “alternative facts”? How is it be
