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This paper explores associations between education and life expectancy by sex at the district level in Costa Rica for the Census years 1984, 2000 and 2011. Previous research on the topic have shown mixed results on the gradient between SES and health outcomes for Costa Rica. This ecological study is the first to use districts as the unit of observation, which allows for a more elaborate analysis i
The thesis aims to investigate the role of local lead firms in the transformation of smallholders’ technological capabilities towards sustainable agriculture production through the lens of global value chain governance. The technological capabilities that help smallholders adopt and apply sustainable agriculture practices and comply with sustainability standards are related to production, investme
This article examines continuity, change and adaptation of blat, a Soviet-time informal economic transaction network, in today’s Ukraine and Belarus. The analysis is based on 33 in-depth interviews, and the main focus is the descriptions, justifications and explanations of on-going informal participation in contemporary forms of blat. Theories on informal institutions, path dependence and the rela
BACKGROUND: Most men with elevated levels of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) do not have prostate cancer, leading to a large number of unnecessary biopsies. A statistical model based on a panel of four kallikreins has been shown to predict the outcome of a first prostate biopsy. In this study, we apply the model to an independent data set of men with previous negative biopsy but persistently eleva
Searches are performed for resonant and nonresonant Higgs boson pair production in the γγbb[over ¯] final state using 20 fb^{-1} of proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 8 TeV recorded with the ATLAS detector at the CERN Large Hadron Collider. A 95% confidence level upper limit on the cross section times branching ratio of nonresonant production is set at 2.2 pb, while the expecte
Results are presented on the production of jets of particles in association with a Z/gamma* boson, in proton-proton collisions at root s = 7 TeV with the ATLAS detector. The analysis includes the full 2010 data set, collected with a low rate of multiple proton-proton collisions in the accelerator, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 36 pb(-1). Inclusive jet cross sections in Z/gamma* even
Deep learning has advanced flood forecasting through its strong nonlinear modeling capabilities. However, accuracy declines and robustness remain insufficient at longer forecast lead times. Therefore, an evolutionary deep learning model for flood forecasting was developed by integrating time-varying filter-based empirical mode decomposition (TVFEMD), sample entropy-based signal reconstruction (SE)
BACKGROUND: The Leiden group and the Assessment of Spondyloarthritis International Society (ASAS)-MRI study group have proposed definitions for structural (SL) and active (AL) lesions typical for axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) on MRI of the sacroiliac joints (MRI-SIJ).OBJECTIVES: To analyse the predictive validity of proposed SL and AL MRI-SIJ definitions in early axSpA and compare proposed AL wi
This paper has its starting point with the discrepancy between the ICPD Plan of Action and the Millennium Development Goals with regards to their separate emphasis on the importance of family planning services as a reproductive health component. The population problem can be looked upon from various theoretical schools. This paper examines the sharply contrasting views of economists, on the one ha
Background. Even though tobacco is one of the most preventable causes of death worldwide, it endangers more than 8 million people yearly. In this context, meta-analyses suggest that a significant part of the general Iranian population over 15 years of age smoke and that there is a need for good screening tools for smoking cravings and urges in Iran. The present study reported the translation and i
Some first investigations have focused on the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic for the general mental health after its outbreak in 2020. According to multiple self-reporting surveys, symptoms of stress, anxiety, and depression have risen worldwide. Even some studies based on health care records start to be published, providing more objective and statistically reliable results. Additionally, c
Background: The functional impact of breathlessness is assessed using the modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) scale for chronic respiratory disease and with the New York Heart Association Functional Classification (NYHA) scale for heart failure. We evaluated agreement between the scales and their concurrent validity with other clinically relevant patient-reported outcomes in cardiorespiratory
The substantial growth of private health insurance in 21st century Sweden has sparked debates about its potential effect on waiting times within the public health care system. Some argue that individuals with private health insurance are prioritized in the waiting list for health care, potentially leading to longer waiting times for those without private coverage. Conversely, others argue that pri
The Black Forest National Park (NP), Germany, opened in 2014 after intense societal disputes, complicated by changing political factors, scientific conservation debates, and multi-level decision-making structures. I argue that value conflicts over fundamentally opposed views on nature underlie these disputes, and that integrating these views in future NP planning may improve the sustainability of
This document presents the methodological approach used in two papers about historical income taxes: “Income taxes and redistribution in the early twentieth century” (Torregrosa-Hetland and Sabaté, 2021) and “Income tax progressivity and inflation during the World Wars” (Torregrosa-Hetland and Sabaté, 2019). We first describe the general method and sources used to obtain synthetic distributions of
The planning of new districts in Malmö comes with certain challenges. Possible areas for new housing developments are limited, which forces Malmö municipality to transform areas like Södra Kirseberg/Östervärn. This area is dominated by large barriers, such as heavy car and train traffic, but also remains from previous industries. A transformation of the area will help to integrate the north-easter
In December 2020, the Swedish parliament accepted a proposition from the government, stipulating cruise missiles for the Gripen fighter jet should be acquired. This could be seen as a turn in Swedish defence policy since cruise missiles would enable airstrikes inside enemy territory in a conceivable conflict. Furthermore, this capability has not existed before and acquiring it has been criticised
The case study in focus for this research is the Women’s Strike in Poland movement during its articulation in late 2020. This movement was organized to campaign for reproductive rights and women’s rights in Poland after a restrictive abortion law was proposed in 2016, put into motion in 2020, and passed in 2021. This is an example of a contemporary movement supporting body autonomy and gender equa
