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Light scattering is one of the few techniques available to adequately characterize suspended nanoparticles (NPs) in real time and in situ. However, when it comes to NPs in multicomponent and optically complex aqueous matrices - such as biological media and physiological fluids - light scattering suffers from lack of selectivity, as distinguishing the relevant optical signals from the irrelevant on
BackgroundStandardised mortality ratio (SMR) is a common quality indicator in critical care and is the ratio between observed mortality and expected mortality. Typically, in-hospital mortality is used to derive SMR, but the use of a time-fixed, more objective, end-point has been advocated. This study aimed to determine the relationship between in-hospital mortality and 30-day mortality on a compre
Shipment consolidation has been advocated by researchers and politicians as a means to reduce cost and improve environmental performance of logistics activities. This paper investigates consolidated transport solutions with a common shipment frequency. When a service provider designs such a solution for its customers, she faces a trade-off: to have the most time-sensitive customers join the consol
We present a comprehensive characterization of the optical quality of InP nanopillars (NPs) fabricated by a top down approach using micro-photoluminescence (mu-PL), time-resolved PL, and cathodoluminescence (CL). A lattice matched InGaAs layer provided beneath the 1 mu m tall NPs functions as a "detector" in CL for monitoring carrier diffusion in InP NP. Carrier feeding to the InGaAs layer indicat
We present comprehensive results on continuous atmospheric cluster and particle measurements in the size range similar to 1-42 nm within the European Integrated project on Aerosol Cloud Climate and Air Quality interactions (EUCAARI) project. We focused on characterizing the spatial and temporal variation of new particle formation events and relevant particle formation parameters across Europe. Dif
Mutations in the CFTR gene result in impaired host defense during cystic fibrosis (CF), where Pseudomonas aeruginosa becomes a key pathogen. We investigated the expression pattern of the antibacterial growth factor midkine in CF and possible interference with its activity by the altered airway microenvironment. High midkine expression was found in CF lung tissue compared with controls, involving e
The introduction of PACS in a radiology department means that most functions that are available in the film-based system must be included. One important function is the radiology conference. The handling and application programs of digital workstations are normally not developed for demonstrations of many images in a limited time. This paper describes a workstation with specially designed software
The structure, luminescence spectroscopy, and lifetime decay dynamics of Eu2O3 nanoparticles formed in MCM-41 have been investigated. Both X-ray diffraction and high-resolution transmission electron microscopic observations indicate that Eu2O3 nanoparticles of monoclinic structure are formed inside channels of MCM-41 by heating at 140 degreesC. However, heat treatment at 600 or 700 degreesC causes
This chapter describes the utilization of recent extraction techniques such as supercritical fluid extraction, pressurized liquid extraction and microwave-assisted extraction for the determination of persistent organic pollutants in food and feed samples. These techniques have been developed because the extraction step can severely limit the entire analytical procedure. Several food crises, for ex
Urinary cotinine (U-cotinine) as a biomarker of environmental tobacco smoke exposure was evaluated in 14 children (age 4-11 y) and in 7 adults who were exposed to environmental tobacco smoke at an air nicotine level of 110 mg/m3 for 2 h in a bus. Nicotine in air and U-cotinine were measured by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry before, during, and after the experiment. U-cotinine rose rapidly to
Popular Abstract in Swedish Modelleringsarbetet utvecklat i denna avhandling, kan delas in i två huvudområden: självantändning i ottomotorer, samt förbränning och emissioner i dieselmotorer. En första version av ett motorsimuleringsprogram med detaljerad kemisk kinetik, utökad för att innefatta full-cykel beräkningar, användes för att visa den starka påverkan som kväveoxider i restgaser har på sjThe modeling work developed in this thesis can be divided in two main areas of investigations: autoignition related to spark ignition engine and combustion and emissions formation in relation to diesel engines. A first version of a detailed kinetics engine simulation program, extended to handle full cycle calculations, was employed in order to demonstrate the strong effect that nitric oxide from
We model collisions between pre-main-sequence stars using a smoothed particle hydrodynamics method. Assuming that all collisions lead to simple mergers, we use derived merger cross-sections to calculate the time-scale to make a 50-M-circle dot star by collisions within the core of a stellar cluster as a function of stellar number density. We show that a 50-M-circle dot star may be produced in this
Various ecosystems, including shallow lakes, are suggested to possess alternative stable state dynamics. The response of such systems to environmental change is non-linear and not fully reversible, which calls for identification of feedback mechanisms and subtle changes connected to structural stability. Here, we used a 25-year data series on water chemistry to make inferences on processes prior t
We present time-resolved cross-correlation measurements of extreme ultraviolet (xuv) pulses generated as high-order harmonics of intense 35 fs pulses, using a short (12 fs) probe pulse. We modulate the ellipticity of the laser driving the generation process such that the polarization is linear for short times around the temporal peak of the pulse. Since harmonic generation is strongly suppressed f
Glass is often used in radon surveys to estimate retrospective radon concentrations, as radon progenies are embedded in the upper surface layer. Experimental methods based on etching to determine the depth distribution of recoil-implanted 210Po in glass from radon decay in air is presented. By carefully controlling chemical concentrations and exposure time during which the glass is etched, stepwis
Welding fumes include agglomerated particles built up of primary nanoparticles. Particles inhaled through the nose will to some extent be deposited in the protein-rich nasal mucosa, and a protein corona will be formed around the particles. The aim was to identify the protein corona formed between nasal lavage proteins and four types of particles with different parameters. Two of the particles were
We show that Earth’s sedimentary strata can provide a record of the collisional evolution of the asteroid belt. From 1652 kg of pelagic Maiolica limestone of Berriasian–Hauterivian age from Italy, we recovered 108 extraterrestrial spinel grains (32–250 μm) representing relict minerals from coarse micrometeorites. Elemental and three oxygen isotope analyses were used to characterize the grains, pro
The need for developing highly efficient solar cell devices have never been so pressing until recently when the urgency of using renewable energy sources becomes more evident. There are several promising technologies being explored by many groups with the sole purpose of optimizing harvesting sunlight and converting it to useful electricity. These include, but not limited to, dye- and quantum dot-
