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Compared to other areas of EU law, where the Commission is only the guardian of the Treaty, in the area of competition law it has enforcement powers. The enforcement is shared with the courts of the Member States. There are a number of instruments and rules, some newly introduced by the competition law modernisation, to ensure coherent application of EU law in a system of parallel competences. Tho

This paper focuses on the stratification within the education systems of the social-democratic welfare regime. Since 1990 the welfare states and education systems of Denmark, Finland, Norway Sweden has changed significantly. At the same time there has been a decrease in the power of the working class and its allies. According to the Power Resource Theory this should, at least eventually, lead to a

The question that links all aspects of this thesis is how democratic nations implement international human rights law to protect their foreign migrant workers from unequal treatment. First, I examine international legal principles that are primarily focused on the principle of non-discrimination in international law. I describe and critically analyse previous publications, postulations, universal

Popular Abstract in Swedish Denna avhandling behandlar organisatoriska aspekter som organisationsklimat, psykologiskt klimat samt medarbetarskap utifrån ledarskapsbeteende, arbetskamratsbeteende och interaktivt ledare-följarebeteende. Den sistnämnda faktorn handlar både om ledarens och följarens (medarbetarens, arbetskamratens) beteende och om dessa är samstämmiga (kongruenta) eller skilda. AvhandThis doctoral dissertation was driven by an inspiration to study how employees behave toward each other from an interactive perspective where all members of an organization are considered active contributors. Employeeship holds this perspective and acknowledges the importance of productive relationships. The objective of this dissertation is to contribute to the conceptual and methodological devel

Historically, companies have communicated taxes as a burden, as the benefits provided by governments are not perceived to be in proportion to their payments. With sustainable development becoming central in many policy areas, new discourses including ‘fair’ or ‘sustainable’ tax have become omnipresent in public talk on taxes. This paper analyzes tax discourses in corporate annual reports within thHistorically, companies have communicated taxes as a burden, as the benefits provided by governments are not perceived to be in proportion to their payments. With sustainable development becoming central in many policy areas, new discourses including ‘fair’ or ‘sustainable’ tax have become omnipresent in public talk on taxes. This paper analyzes tax discourses in corporate annual reports within th

Background: Preclinical rodent models for Parkinson's disease (PD) based on viral human alpha-synuclein (h-αSyn) overexpression recapitulate some of the pathological hallmarks as it presents in humans, such as progressive cell loss and additional synucleinopathy in cortical and subcortical structures. Recent studies have combined viral vector-based overexpression of human wild-type αSyn with the s

BACKGROUND: Epidemiological studies have demonstrated an association between the degree of food processing in our diet and the risk of various chronic diseases. Much of this evidence is based on the international Nova classification system, which classifies food into four groups based on the type of processing: (1) Unprocessed and minimally processed foods, (2) Processed culinary ingredients, (3)

The strength of soil can significantly increase by stabilisation with binders. Adding binders in correct proportions to improve soil parameters is of paramount importance for earthworks. In this article, we presented a framework to explore strength characteristics of soil stabilised by several binders and evaluated using applied geophysical methods by estimated P-wave velocities. The core of our w

This paper analyses the integration of social considerations into public transport planning. It addresses the challenge of balancing social benefits against objectives such as efficiency and cost minimization. Through a literature review, this paper examines methods for assessing public transport accessibility for potentially disadvantaged groups and identifies knowledge gaps in existing research.

Background Eslicarbazepine acetate (ESL) is a new antiepileptic drug (AED), still insufficiently studied regarding pharmacokinetic variability, efficacy and tolerability. The purpose of this study was to evaluate therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) data in Norway and relate pharmacokinetic variability to clinical efficacy and tolerability in a long-term clinical setting in patients with refractory e

Objective: To investigate the impact of age and co-treatment with other drugs on the serum concentrations of lamotrigine in children and adolescents. Methods: A review of routine serum concentration measurements of lamotrigine performed in our laboratory yielded a total of 744 serum samples from 296 subjects (110 males, 186 females, age: 2-19 years) suitable for statistical analysis. The primary o

Context. The HD 15337 (TIC 120896927, TOI-402) system was observed by the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS), revealing the presence of two short-period planets situated on opposite sides of the radius gap. This offers an excellent opportunity to study theories of formation and evolution, as well as to investigate internal composition and atmospheric evaporation. Aims. We aim to constrai

1. In order to prove a copyright exception not contemplated in the Act but based on long-standing practice the defendant must show strong evidence that goes beyond a usual practice in the business.2. The use of a copyright-protected work even in a commercial or marketing context can be of such secondary importance that – notwithstanding that the rights holder has not permitted the use – it would nThe present article grapples with the concept of de minimis in European copyright law in light of the ruling by the Danish Supreme Court in Würtz v Coop Denmark. The article begins with a brief background of the case. The second section delves into the concept of de minimis and its origins and framing in European copyright law. The third section compares the concept to US legislation and case law

Background: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a common, complex and multifactorial disease that may require screening across multiple routes of referral to enable early detection and subsequent future implementation of tailored interventions. Blood- and eye-based biomarkers show promise as low-cost, scalable and patient-friendly tools for early AD detection given their ability to provide information on

Background and Aim: Full-thickness biopsies of the intestinal wall may be used to study and assess damage to the neurons of the enteric nervous system (ENS), that is, enteric neuropathy. The ENS is difficult to examine due to its localization deep in the intestinal wall and its organization with several connections in diverging directions. Histological sections used in clinical practice only visua

Understanding the synergistic impacts of climate change and human activities on runoff and sediment dynamics is crucial for sustainable watershed management in the Yellow River Basin. This study examined hydrological variations in the Helong section of the Chinese Loess Plateau from 1980 to 2020. The Mann?Kendall and Pettitt tests were used to detect trends and abrupt changes in precipitation, run