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OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to estimate the economic consequences of neurosurgical disease in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). METHODS The authors estimated gross domestic product (GDP) losses and the broader welfare losses attributable to 5 neurosurgical disease categories in LMICs using two distinct economic models. The value of lost output (VLO) model projects annual GDP

This chapter deals with ways in which digital technologies can be utilized to work with moving media in hybrid ways. It will resonate with practices of ethnographic film, but it will also attempt to move beyond traditional, representational notions of this practice, very much in line with the ideas of the “new world of ethnographic film and video” that Phillip Vannini outlines in the introduction

In recent years, machine learning has evolved in a fast pace as both algorithms and computing power are constantly improving. In this study, a machine learning model for predicting the fuel oil consumption from engine data has been developed for a cruise ship operating in the Baltic Sea. The cruise ship is equipped with legacy volume flow meters and newly installed mass flow meters, as well as an

BACKGROUND: Beans are rich and inexpensive sources of proteins and carbohydrates around the world, but particularly in developing countries. However, many legume varieties are still underutilized. In this study, physical characteristics of the seeds of three Phaseolus lunatus cultivars were characterized. Also, the chemical composition and starch digestibility in the cooked beans were assessed. RE

BACKGROUND: Corn tortillas containing 20% (w/w) amaranth flour (AF) were kept in cold storage and analysed after various times for chemical composition and in vitro starch digestibility, including predicted glycemic index. Comparison was made with traditional nixtamalised corn flour (NCF) tortillas. RESULTS: Lipid and protein contents were higher in mixed NCF/AF tortilla than in NCF tortilla. Avai

Digestion of dietary sphingomyelin (SM) is catalyzed by intestinal alkaline sphingomyelinase (SMase) and may have important implications in colonic tumorigenesis. Previous studies demonstrated that the digestion and absorption of dietary SM was slow and incomplete and that the colon was exposed to SM and its hydrolytic products including ceramide. In the present work, we studied the influences of

Metastatic behavior varies significantly among breast cancers. Mechanisms explaining why the majority of breast cancer patients never develop metastatic outgrowth are largely lacking but could underlie the development of novel immunotherapeutic target molecules. Here we show interplay between nonmetastatic primary breast cancer and innate immune response, acting together to control metastatic prog

Immunologically insulin resistant (IIR) type I diabetic patients possess significantly elevated levels of anti-insulin serum autoantibodies. We investigated whether altered insulin processing by B lymphocytes contributes to this form of insulin resistance. A comparison was made of the 125I-labelled human insulin (HI) peptides processed by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-transformed B lymphocytes derived

We introduce a financial portfolio optimization framework that allows to automatically select the relevant assets and estimate their weights by relying on a sorted ℓ1-Norm penalization, henceforth SLOPE. To solve the optimization problem, we develop a new efficient algorithm, based on the Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers. SLOPE is able to group constituents with similar correlation prop

A number of typical particle verbs in Swedish and English are presented and it is noted that such verbs are often forgotten in dictionaries and not given the proper treatment in grammars. One problem is the identification of these verbs, another is the fact that the verb and the particle may be separated by other words. The particle verbs must therefore be treated as discontinuous lexical items. I

The paper presents Referent Grammar (RG), a version of generalized phrase structure grammar. RG uses descriptive labels for defective categories (categories tacking a constituent) instead of slash expressions and needs no null (empty, zero) categories. RG uses both functional and categorial representations and the grammar rules, written in the Prolog DCG formalism, relate these two levels. The fun

Estimating age distributions, or star formation histories, of stellar populations in the Milky Way is important in order to study the evolution of trends in elemental abundances and kinematics. We build on previous work to develop an algorithm for estimating the age-metallicity distribution which uses the full age-metallicity probability density functions (PDFs) of individual stars. No assumptions

Autonomous vehicles hold promise for increased vehicle and traffic safety, and there are several developments in the field where one example is an avoidance maneuver. There it is dangerous for the vehicle to be in the opposing lane, but it is safe to drive in the original lane again after the obstacle. To capture this basic observation, a lane-deviation penalty (LDP) objective function is devised.