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BACKGROUND: The Collaborative Group on Hormonal Factors in Breast Cancer has brought together the worldwide epidemiological evidence on the possible relation between breast cancer and previous spontaneous and induced abortions. METHODS: Data on individual women from 53 studies undertaken in 16 countries with liberal abortion laws were checked and analysed centrally. Relative risks of breast cancer
and international research projects have attempted to measure andquantify the importance of ecosystem goods and services for people.Nowadays, it is safe to claim that ecosystems, through their naturalprocesses and functions, provide services that are essential for humanwell-being. However, in industrialized societies people often forgethow intricately our daily lives depend on natural ecosystems a
Objective. When treatments with the potential to change the natural history of a disease are introduced, their longer-term effect on costs and quality of life (utility) has to be estimated using economic models. However, to remain useful tools, models must be updated when new information becomes available. Our earlier models in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have been based on functional status, but it
Popular Abstract in Swedish ?Överbrygga det kommunikativa gapet mellan personer med en demenssjukdom och deras vårdare. Ett omvårdnadsperspektiv? En problematik i omvårdnaden av personer med långt framskriden demenssjukdom är hur vårdare skall tolka och förstå den demensdrabbade så att omvårdnaden kan anpassas till dennes behov. Forskning tyder på att vissa reaktioner, bland annat aggressiva handThe aim was to explore possible areas and sources that could inform the care for people with dementia. These were the people with dementia themselves, nurses reflective discussions about caring, nurse-patient interaction together with information from close family members, and the previous personality and sense of coherence of people with dementia in relation to behaviour during the disease as rel
The present thesis concerns middle-aged women’s subjective well-being (SWB). The interest is focused on the importance of childhood factors, social circumstances, and personality for middle-aged women’s general SWB. Data were taken from the longitudinal research program Individual Development and Adaptation (IDA, Magnusson & Bergman, 2000) and concerned a sample of about 300 women. The main an
Abstract Fatty acids mobilized from triacylglycerol stores are a major energy source in humans. Mobilization occurs through the consecutive action of three lipases: adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL), hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) and monoglyceride lipase (MGL). Whereas ATGL and MGL only hydrolyse tri- and monoacylglycerols, respectively, HSL has a broad substrate range and hydrolyses cholesterol
Popular Abstract in Swedish Antagonistiska hot mot godstransporter och logistik såsom stölder, smuggling, förfalskningar och terroristaktiviteter utgör ett stort och ofta förbisett problem. Bara i Sverige beräknas stölder under transport kosta samhället ca 1 miljard kronor årligen. Denna avhandling visar att många svenska transportföretag trots detta inte investerar i lösningar för att förbättra sThe objective of this study is to understand what factors influence the security of physical distribution networks. Thereafter it aims to bring to light what security measures exist today to enhance security and finally how to determine the profitability of security investments.
Eight stakeholders affecting security in physical distribution networks are identified and combined into a Physical
Popular Abstract in Swedish Cancer behandlas i första hand med kirurgi, cellgifter och extern strålbehandling. Under senare år har man dessutom utvecklat så kallade målsökande behandlingar, som binder till en viss struktur i tumören. De kan verka på olika sätt: antingen genom att blockera en signal i cellerna och på så vis hindra tumören från att växa, eller genom att stimulera patientens immunförIn radioimmunotherapy, monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are used as a targeting agent carrying a toxic payload consisting of radionuclides. This treatment allows the irradiation of small lesions, even on the microscopic level. In the present work, two radionuclides with different properties were used. Lutetium-177 (177Lu) is a beta-particle-emitting radionuclide (t½=6.7 days) and astatine-211 (211At)
The notion of human rights is built on the fact that they are universal rights and thus applies to everyone without exceptions. Despite this irregular workers are denied their labour rights and their human rights due to the fact that they are living in a country unlawfully. The states use methods as regularizing irregular migrants or enabling tougher sanctions against irregular migration in order
It has been stated by an international consensus that detention of asylum seekers should normally be avoided, yet states recourse to detention in an extensive manner and the detention of asylum seekers risks becoming regarded as an administrative practise. There are a number of human rights instruments that consist of protective measures to ensure that individuals are not arbitrarily or unlawfully
Since the adoption of the Charter of the United Nations the pattern of conflict in the international arena has drastically changed. From largely being a scene for inter-state conflicts, internal conflicts have predominated the post-war era. The few international conflicts that the post-war world has witnessed have originated in civil conflicts. The principle of non-intervention implies the duty fo
Ett olovligt bortförande eller kvarhållande föreligger när ett barn under sexton år har blivit bortfört eller kvarhållet i en stat, som inte utgör barnets hemvist, i strid med vårdnadshavarens vilja. 1980 års Haagkonvention, som har införlivats i svensk rätt genom verkställighetslagen (VerkstL), har utarbetats i syfte att skydda de barn som har blivit olovligen bortförda eller kvarhållna mellan laThe 1980 Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction (Hague Convention), incorporated into Swedish law by the verkställighetslagen (VerkstL), aims to protect children from the harmful effects of cross-border abduction. Under the Hague Convention, the legal guardian of the child in his or her state of habitual residence enjoys ‘rights of custody’ over that child. The removal or
Sammanfattning Fastighetsköpet och de bestämmelser som blir tillämpliga i samband med detta har historiskt sett utgjort ett regelverk separerat från det som gäller vid köp av lös egendom. En av de främsta anledningarna bakom denna uppdelning är att fastighetsköpet typiskt sett betraktas som ett så kallat specieköp. För många människor utgör fastighetsköpet sannolikt en av de största och mest betydHistorically, real property law has been separated from the rules applicable to movables. One of the main reasons for legislatively separating the two is that the real property purchase is regarded a typical example of a non-generic purchase (specieköp). To many people, the real property purchase is one of the most important and major business deals they will ever make in their life. Considering t
Regelverket för regionala avtal tillåter tullunioner och frihandelsavtal att göra avsteg från mest gynnade nations-principen förutsatt att ett antal villkor uppfylls; interna rekvisit som säkerställer liberalisering av den inre marknaden och externa rekvisit som syftar dels till harmonisering av yttre handelspolitik och dels till att förebygga att hinder reses mot tredje land. Genom undersökning a
The present thesis investigates, analyses and critically discusses the manner in which children with special needs are categorised in the Swedish preschool. The emergence of the category and its construction depends on a number of “truths” concerning children, related to historical and cultural processes in society. A main focus of the thesis is to investigate how legitimacy is established for the
Popular Abstract in Swedish Gummi är inte enbart olinjärt elastiskt, det är också beroende av töjningshastighet och töjningsamplitud. Kombinationen av de olinjära elastiska egenskaperna och amplitudberoendet behandlas av de modeller som föreslås i avhandlingen. Modellerna är utformade så att de snabbt ska kunna implementeras i industrin.Rubber is not only a non-linear elastic material, it is also dependent on strain rate, temperature and strain amplitude. The non-linear elastic property and the strain amplitude dependence give a non-linear dynamic behavior that is covered by the models suggested in this thesis. The focus is on a finite element procedure for modelling these dynamic properties of rubber in a way that is easy to ado
Syftet med uppsatsen är att utreda vem som skall bära ansvaret för sk utvecklingsfel vid småhusbyggande. Kan beställaren/köparen i alla lägen för-vänta sig ett felfritt hus? Utredningen är baserad på traditionell rättsdogmatisk metod. Bakgrund till uppsatsen är det uppmärksammade Myresjöhusfallet, T 99-12, som gällde felansvaret för ett antal småhus som byggts med sk enstegstätad fasad. ByggmetodeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the liability for developmental faults in connection with single house construction. Background to the paper is the Myresjöhus Case, T 99-12, that has attracted some public attention. The case concerned the liability for a number of single houses that were built with the construction method known as External thermal insulation composite system walls. The
Plea bargaining kan beskrivas som att åklagaren, i utbyte mot att den misstänkte erkänner en eller flera gärningar, kan besluta att inte väcka åtal för vissa andra gärningar eller att väcka åtal för ett lindrigare brott. Detta brukar betecknas som åtalsförhandlingar, till skillnad från påföljdsförhandlingar, där åklagaren i utbyte mot att den misstänkte erkänner, går med på en viss straffnivå som Plea bargaining can briefly be described as the possibility for the defendant to confess to one of several charges or to a less serious charge, in return for the prosecution dismissing other charges. This is commonly referred to as charge bargaining unlike sentence bargaining where, in exchange for the defendant confessing, the prosecution agrees to a lenient sentence and requests that it be impos
In 2010 there will be a political resolution to ensure that the Swedish society is accessible to all citizens including people with disabilities. For this purpose a national action plan for disability policy "From patient to citizen" (Govt. Bill 1999/2000:79) has been set out with the aim of ensuring that the disability perspective will permeate every sector of society and that the appro
Syftet med denna uppsats är att utreda hur försäkringstagaren, vid skada på byggnad, ska ersättas ur företagsförsäkringen respektive konsumentförsäkringen. När skada uppkommer på byggnad tillämpas värderingsreglerna i kapitel 6 i FAL för att bestämma storleken på försäkringsersättningen. Den metod som stadgas i FAL är dagsvärdemetoden. Ersättning enligt dagsvärdet anses motsvara återanskaffningsThe purpose of this thesis is to analyse how the insured shall be compensated by the insurance companies, in regards to damages to buildings. When a building is damaged the rules of valuation, found in chapter 6 of FAL (the Swedish Insurance Act), will be applied to determine the amount of the reimbursement. The method that is provided in FAL is the current value method. Compensation according t
