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Background: The data concerning the effects and safety of androgen in human breast tissue are conflicting. Objective: Our aim was to analyze the effects of androgens on normal human breast tissue (HBT). Approach: We cultured explants of HBT (obtained from reduction mammoplasty operations of postmenopausal women) with or without testosterone (T) and 5α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) or in combination
Land-use change is a major driver of the global loss of biodiversity, but it is unclear to what extent this also results in a loss of ecological traits. Therefore, a better understanding of how land-use change affects ecological traits is crucial for efforts to sustain functional diversity. To this end we tested whether higher species richness or taxonomic distinctness generally leads to increased
We report on the structural and electronic properties of graphene grown on SiC by high-temperature sublimation. We have studied thickness uniformity of graphene grown on 4H-SiC (0 0 0 1), 6H-SiC (0 0 0 1), and 3C-SiC (1 1 1) substrates and investigated in detail graphene surface morphology and electronic properties. Differences in the thickness uniformity of the graphene layers on different SiC po
Popular Abstract in Swedish Malignt melanom (även kallad melanom) är den farligaste formen av hudcancer. Dess incidens varierar från land till land och är den högsta i Australien, där 46.7 per 100,000 invånare drabbas årligen. I Sverige är melanom den sjätte vanligaste cancersjukdomen. Melanom har blivit allt vanligare under de senaste två decennierna. Om tumören upptäcks på ett tidigt, dvs. lokal“Cutaneous melanoma is a most unpredictable lesion” wrote Alexander Breslow in 1970. He was one of the first to predict outcome in melanoma patients, based on the thickness of the primary tumor, and today this parameter bears his name and remains the main prognostic factor in melanoma. The aim of this thesis has been to contribute to the understanding of melanoma biology in order to make this canc
Background When acute coronary syndrome (ACS) cannot be ruled out, emergency department (ED) patients with chest pain are admitted for in-hospital observation because of the risk of complications such as arrhythmia and acute heart failure. A study was undertaken to compare the ability of three risk prediction models to identify patients at a very low risk of complications. Methods 559 consecutive
BACKGROUND: Previous studies have shown that atrial fibrillation of recent onset in man is based on a varying number of simultaneously present activation waves reentering either themselves or each other. In the present study, right atrial activation during chronic atrial fibrillation in man was studied. METHODS AND RESULTS: In 16 patients with chronic atrial fibrillation multiple epicardial record
Sweden’s District councils and Country councils are in itself to a large extent responsible for the state financed welfare. Because of this, Sweden has a contribution- and adjustment system. The reason for this system is to create equal chance, for all District councils and Country councils, to be able to give the citizens service independently of their income and non-influential structural differ
No one wants to be at the wrong place at the wrong time. No one wants to be accused of having committed a crime one hasn't committed. No one wants to be innocently convicted. According to the presumption of innocence (article 6.2. in ECHR) everyone who has been charged with a criminal offence shall be presumed innocent until proved guilty according to law. It is important that the judge rememb
The purpose of this graduate thesis is to discuss the concept of democracy as conceived of by Alf Ross in his book ''Why democracy?, one of the most important works on democracy that appeared in the 20th century. Further, the thesis aims to establish whether or not Ross' views, seen against the background of modern Swedish democracy, might still be of interest in our days. According to
Depicting the American system of products liability in general and punitive damages in particular as bizarre is unlikely to offend anybody. People unable to provide their own anecdotal evidence of exactly how twisted the system is are hard to find. Proponents of it, usually lawyers arguing the plaintiffs' cases, are dismissed as biased and profiting from their quarter cuts in billion dollar aw
Intellectual property is a very important type of asset in today’s business world. Since business in the Western World grows increasingly based and dependent on know-how and technological development, intangible assets such as trademarks, copyrights and patents plausibly represent greater economic value to economic actors here than other, physical, assets do. Although it is comparatively unknown
In recent years criticism of the electricity market has been emerging. Some claim that for Sweden, the deregulation of the power market in 1996 (and consequently Sweden’s involvement in Nord Pool) has been a driving factor of rising electricity prices and a non-efficient market for electricity. Some critique is aimed at the small number of large producers of electricity, possibly making the market
This study constitutes a preliminary survey within the project "Lake and groundwater paleohydrology of the Vomb plain, southern Sweden, for quantitative paleoclimatic calibration". The aim of the study is to describe the Holocene sediment stratigraphy of the former lakes Fönesjön and Kalvsjön (Kalvs mosse), and furthermore to describe and date stratgraphical indications of climatically c
Den 1 januari 2009 slopades avskattningsregeln för personaloptioner till förmån för en regel anpassad till EU-praxis. Avskattningsregeln reglerade anställda som deltagit i personaloptionsprogram och som flyttat ut ur Sverige innan programmet löpt ut. Avskattningsregeln träffade den del av personaloptionen för vilken kvalifikationstidpunkten infallit under tid då den anställde haft sitt hemvist iOn January the first 2009 the rule of exit taxation for stock-options was abolished in favor of a rule adapted to EU case law. The rule of exit taxation regulated employees who participated in stock option plans and who moved out of Sweden before those plans had expired. The rule of exit taxation was aimed at those stock options for which vesting had occurred during the period when the employee r
This master thesis follows the process of a product design and development project concerning the mechanical design of an ultrasound sensor. The project giver is the global medical technology company Gambro specialized in products for dialysis. The mentioned ultrasound sensor is a level detector from Gambro’s hemodialysis ma-chines, designed to prevent the occurrence of air embolism. Air that for
Abstract: The controversial issue of ‘missing girls’ has been a cause of concern since the time of the British rule in India. Most research studies pointed towards a demographic pattern of its occurrence, the Northwestern plains of India saw an alarming scarcity of girl children. Since then many studies focused at examining the economic and socio-cultural factors motivating the missing girl phenom
En stor del av våldsbrotten i Sverige begås av gärningsmän som handlat under självförvållat rus. Hur man straffrättsligt ska behandla den här kategorin av lagöverträdare är ett ämne som givit upphov till debatter kring vad som är den lämpligaste lösningen. Skuldbedömningen för personer som begått brott under inverkan av rusningsmedel har förändrats ett flertal gånger genom svensk rättshistoria, trA large number of the violent crimes that are committed in Sweden involve an intoxicated offender. How these offenders should be treated is a subject that has raised several debates regarding the most appropriate solution. The assessment of guilt for people committing crimes under the influence of alcohol has changed several times through Swedish legal history. Nonetheless there is still disagreem
This population-based register study examined if factors during the fetal and neonatal period influence the risk for the child to develop bronchial asthma (asthma). From the Swedish Hospital Discharge Register we identified children, born between 1987 and 1999, who had been hospitalized for asthma up to 2001. Thus, the outcome measure contains only hospitalized cases, not all children with asthma.
Popular Abstract in Swedish Rätt förhållande mellan mängden bränsle och luft är viktigt i dagens förbränningsmotorer för att den katalytiska avgasreningen skall fungera. Motorer i serieproduktion mäter syrehalten i avgaserna för att få en uppfattning om blandningsförhållandet. Denna utvecklar en metod att skatta blandningsförhållandet genom mätning av cylindertrycket. Man kan på så sätt få snabbarThis thesis investigates the use of cylinder pressure measurements for estimation of the in-cylinder air/fuel ratio in a spark ignited internal combustion engine. An estimation model which uses the net heat release profile for estimating the cylinder air/fuel ratio of a spark ignition engine is developed. The net heat release profile is computed from the cylinder pressure trace and quantifies the
We study deterministic algorithms for gossiping problem in ad hoc radio networks. The efficiency of communication algorithms in radio networks is very often expressed in terms of: maximum eccentricity D, maximum in-degree Δ, and size (number of nodes) n of underlying graph of connections. The maximum eccentricity D of a network is the maximum of the lengths of shortest directed paths fro
