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Infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) is a Birnavirus that infects salmonid fish. The infection is usually mortal for fish under six months of age, while older fish become carriers, usually without any signs of infection, and will spread the virus to other susceptible fish and to their offspring. IPNV is an icosahedral, naked virion and the genome consists of two segments of double-stranded

Decomposition of soil organic matter (SOM) contributes significantly to the global carbon (C) cycle and climate feedbacks. SOM decomposition depends on soil microbial activities, and these activities are driven by the availability of C and other nutrients. Plant root exudates are known to alter decomposition of SOM, a phenomenon referred to as rhizosphere priming effects (RPE). In order to predict

The effects of particle discreteness in N-body ACDM simulations are still an intensively debated issue. In this paper we explore such effects, taking into account the scatter caused by the randomness of the initial conditions and focusing on the statistical properties of the cosmological density field. For this purpose, we run large sets of ACDM simulations and analyze them using a wide variety of

Children spend a large percentage of their day with their classmates in school. Classmates are not only co-workers, but also individuals interacting socially as friends. The understanding of group affiliation and friendship interaction in school is of great importance to social work in school because of its implications on children’s wellbeing and academic performance. Several studies show that so

The skin is our largest organ and its main function is to protect us from uptake of foreign chemicals and from desiccation. The barrier function of the skin is mainly assured by its outermost layer, the stratum corneum (SC). When one wants to deliver a compound into or through the skin, for example in (trans)dermal drug delivery and cosmetics, one generally needs to make the skin more permeable. TThis thesis mainly explores how the molecular mobility of lipid and protein components in the outermost layer of the skin, the stratum corneum (SC), varies with different conditions and upon adding foreign compounds. These studies require methods that makes it possible to detect and characterize the minor amount of fluid components in the highly ordered solid SC sample with resolved molecular info

While sharing good teaching practice is at the core of most academic developers’ professional roles, little systematic evidence has been collected on this topic so far. This paper investigates if, how and for what specific purposes academic developers collect and share teaching artefacts. We report on an exploratory, survey-based study among academic developers from around the world. Our findings

This essay reveals relations between the autoregressive behavior in stocks and relative changes in volume, relative changes in dispersion and the release of earnings announcements. The purpose is to analyze what effect stock return, relative changes in volume, relative changes in dispersion and the release of earnings announcements have on the autoregressive behavior. Our study in general shows th

Before going into details and regulations behind the safeguard measures it's important to understand the basic starting point. The members of WTO all agree to have tariffs at a certain level and the member countries are prohibited to raise the tariffs above this level. This makes the system predictable&semic every one knows the tariff levels. Speaking in a broad sense one can say that this

In an attempt to bring about the end to a conflict situation at all costs, peace agreements often end up containing terms that may be deemed controversial. One such example would be terms that confer immunity on perpetrators of international crimes. Concurrently, there exist in international law legal norms that require, or allow, States to pursue a criminal prosecution regarding perpetrators of s

I den här uppsatsen behandlas preferensaktier och fokus ligger på emittenter som är börsnoterade bolag. Utgångspunkten i svensk rätt är den så kallade likhetsprincipen som innebär att alla aktier ska ha samma rätt i bolaget. Undantag från detta kan göras om det finns lagstöd för och om det förs in i bolagsordningen att olika aktieslag får förekomma i bolaget – exempelvis preferensaktier. PreferensThis essay is about preferred stocks and focus is on issuers that are companies listed on regulated markets. The main rule in Sweden is the so-called principle of equality, which states that all stocks shall have the same right in the company. Exceptions to this may be made if there are legal grounds for it and if it is entered in the Articles of Association that different classes of stocks may ex

The Background: Immigrant children have become an important part of the Swedish educational system. Their teaching and upbringing represent a very complex phenomenon that requires a special approach from pedagogues and country authorities. According to the Swedish state policy, immigrant children should have the same rights for education as Swedish pupils. They should also have the right to preser