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Computer generated imagery is used in a wide range of disciplines, each with different requirements. As an example, real-time applications such as computer games have completely different restrictions and demands than offline rendering of feature films. A game has to render quickly using only limited resources, yet present visually adequate images. Film and visual effects rendering may not have st
Hierarchical depth culling is an important optimization, which is present in all modern high performance graphics processors. We present a novel culling algorithm based on a layered depth representation, with a per-sample mask indicating which layer each sample belongs to. Our algorithm is feed forward in nature in contrast to previous work, which rely on a delayed feedback loop. It is simple to i
NURBS (Non-uniform rational B-splines) surfaces are one of the most useful primitives employed for high quality modeling in CAD/CAM tools and graphics software. Since direct evaluation of NURBS surfaces on the GPU is a highly complex task, the usual approach for rendering NURBS is to perform the conversion into Bezier surfaces on the CPU, and then evaluate and tessellate them on the GPU. In this p
We present two novel culling tests for rasterization of simultaneous depth of field and motion blur. These tests efficiently reduce the set of xyuvt samples that need to be coverage tested within a screen space tile. The first test finds linear bounds in ut - and vt -space using a separating line algorithm. We also derive a hyperplane in xyuvt - space for each triangle edge, and all samples outside
This paper presents the elaboration of an experimentally validated model of a continuous cross-flow atomic layer deposition (ALD) reactor with temporally separated precursor pulsing encoded in the Modelica language. For the experimental validation of the model, in situ quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) diagnostics was used to yield submonolayer resolution of mass deposition resulting from thin fil
In this short note, we argue that performance per watt, which is often cited in the graphics hardware industry, is not a particularly useful unit for power efficiency in scientific and engineering discussions. We argue that joules per task and watts are more reasonable units. We show a concrete example where nanojoules per pixel is much more intuitive, easier to compute aggregate statistics from,
Despite its long history, the Theory of Characteristic Modes has only been utilized in antenna design for perfect electric conductors. This is due to computational problems associated with dielectrics and magnetic materials. In particular, the symmetric form of the PMCHWT surface formulation for the Method of Moments (MoM) solves for both external (real) and internal (non-real) resonances of a str
Due to the possibility of increased efficiency and reduced emissions, Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) is a promising alternative to conventional internal combustion engines. Ignition timing in HCCI is highly sensitive to operating conditions and lacks direct actuation, making it a challenging subject for closed-loop control. This paper presents physics-based, control-oriented modeli
Edge aliasing continues to be one of the most prominent problems in real-time graphics, e.g., in games. We present a novel algorithm that uses shared memory between the GPU and the CPU so that these two units can work in concert to solve the edge aliasing problem rapidly. Our system renders the scene as usual on the GPU with one sample per pixel. At the same time, our novel edge aliasing algorithm
Havsnivåhöjningar till följd av antropogena klimatförändringar utgör en växande utmaning för folkrätten. För små östater under utveckling (SIDS) innebär stigande havsnivåer en risk för att delar av eller hela deras territorium blir obeboeliga eller permanent översvämmas. Detta aktualiserar grundläggande frågor om staters fortsatta existens enligt folkrätten. Enligt den traditionella statsläran utgSea-level rise caused by anthropogenic climate change poses an unprecedent-ed challenge to international law. For Small Island Developing States (SIDS), the prospect of partial or complete territorial inundation raises fundamental questions concerning the continued existence of States whose territory may become uninhabitable or disappear entirely. Under traditional interpretations of the Montevide
Denna uppsats behandlar rekvisitet ”konstlat upplägg” i 24 kap. 19 a § andra stycket inkomstskattelagen. Rekvisitet infördes genom Proposition 2025/26:20 som en del av anpassningen av de svenska riktade ränteavdragsbegränsningsreglerna till EU-rätten. Syftet med uppsatsen är att analysera hur rekvisitet bör förstås och tillämpas i ljuset av EU-rättens krav på proportionalitet, rättssäkerhet och föThis thesis examines the criterion “artificial arrangement” in Chapter 24, Section 19 a, second paragraph of the Swedish Income Tax Act. The criterion was introduced through Government Bill 2025/26:20 as part of the adjustment of the Swedish targeted interest deduction limitation rules to EU law. The thesis analyses how the criterion should be understood and applied in light of the EU law requirem
Recent development of case law emphasises the need to strike a fair balance between intellectual property rights and other fundamental rights. In theory, balancing of various fundamental rights is not a new concept. However, in practice, striking a fair balance between intellectual property rights and other fundamental rights is quite a new and problematic issue due to digitalisation, which has cr
The focus of this work is detecting pedestrians, captured in a surveillance setting, and locating them in world coordinates. Commonly adopted search strategies operate in the image plane to address the object detection problem with machine learning, for example using scale-space pyramid with the sliding windows methodology or object proposals. In contrast, here a new search space is presented, whi
Realistic network simulations are necessary to assess the performance of any communication system. In this paper, we describe an implementation of a channel model for vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication in the OMNeT++/Plexe simulation environment. The model is based on previous extensive measurements in a V2V multilink highway scenario and cover line-of-sight (LOS) as well as obstructed LOS (OL
In 1736 Samuel Hesselius, former pastor for the Swedish parishes in Pennsylvania, donated a collection of ‘American curiosities’ to Lund University in Sweden. Within less than twenty years, however, the collection had apparently disappeared. In the course of the past three decades the lost ethnographic artefacts have received increasing attention, but for a variety of reasons the collection has reIn 1736 Samuel Hesselius, former pastor for the Swedish parishes in Pennsylvania, donated a collection of ‘American curiosities’ to Lund University in Sweden. Within less than twenty years, however, the collection had apparently disappeared. In the course of the past three decades the lost ethnographic artefacts have received increasing attention, but for a variety of reasons the collection has re
Feature stability, time and tempo of change, and the role of genealogy versus areality in creating linguistic diversity are important issues in current computational research on linguistic typology. This paper presents a database initiative, DiACL Typology, which aims to provide a resource for addressing these questions with specific of the extended Indo-European language area of Eurasia, the regi
Future applications of internet of things (IoT) will go far beyond connecting sensors to the internet. The real challenge lies in how to easily build well working systems of things: well integrated distributed applications that support users, yet built from a variety of devices running on a variety of networks and protocols, and including services that were not designed to interoperate.Based on ou
Modern transportation requires advanced powertrain systems to reduce the production of greenhouse gas CO2. Partially premixed combustion (PPC) is one of the most promising methods to achieve low emission and low fuel consumption of internal combustion engines. The present paper evaluated the effects of the calibration parameters on the efficiency and emissions of a multi-cylinder engine using PPC
