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The effect of gate-length variation on key transistor metrics for vertical nanowire p-type GaSb metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) are demonstrated using a gate-last process. The new fabrication method enables short gate-lengths (Lg = 40 nm) and allows for selective digital etching of the channel region. Extraction of material properties as well as contact resistance are
Buildings such as castles and palaces were or of utmost importance for the display of social rank and the production of legitimacy for the Scandinavian elites. The palace could be a specific building inside a castle, integrated into a fortified structure, or unfortified. This chapter discusses how the Scandinavian elite during the Early and High Middle Ages used buildings and locations in the landBuildings such as castles and palaces were of utmost importance for the display of social rank and the production of legitimacy for the Scandinavian elites. The palace could be a specific building inside a castle, integrated into a fortified structure, or unfortified. This chapter discusses how the Scandinavian elite during the Early and High Middle Ages used buildings and locations in the landsca
Professor Adelle Blackett asks ‘what happens when labour law is forced to see itself in historically rooted, relational, and contextualised terms’? While refusing continuity for its own sake, Blackett stresses the need for developing spaces in which alternative and counter-hegemonic narratives about the purpose of (labour) law are taken seriously – those emerging from labour law’s peripheries in c
The science of decision making is studied in many areas of science and engineering, for example within, computer science, automatic control theory, mathematics and neurophysiology. The aim of this text is to provide a very brief overview of some of the models and tools used within mathematical decision making. These models can be studied in terms of an agent that observes the world and takes decisThe science of decision making is studied in many areas of science and engineering, for example within, computer science, automatic control theory, mathematics and neurophysiology. The aim of this text is to provide a very brief overview of some of the models and tools used within mathematical decision making. These models can be studied in terms of an agent that observes the world and takes decis
The freedom to express oneself as a citizen is paramount to contemporary democracy. However, this freedom is often questioned in relation to humour and the offence it might cause, especially in cases where humour is referred to as an excuse, as a defence to avoid criticism (Smith 2009). This article uses the concept of cultural citizenship (cf. Hermes 2005) to conceptualise citizen rights and resp
BACKGROUND: Being involved in the care of a loved one is a desire of many next of kin. However, according to several studies of the perceptions of nursing home staff, the involvement of next of kin is not an obvious part of care. To be able to involve next of kin in care at nursing homes, the perceptions of what participation means are an important piece of knowledge. The aim of this study was the
The Nordic Centre of Excellence CRAICC (Cryosphere-Atmosphere Interactions in a Changing Arctic Climate), funded by NordForsk in the years 2011-2016, is the largest joint Nordic research and innovation initiative to date, aiming to strengthen research and innovation regarding climate change issues in the Nordic region. CRAICC gathered more than 100 scientists from all Nordic countries in a virtual
To keep global warming within 1.5 °C of pre-industrial levels, there needs to be a substantial decline in the use of coal power by 20301,2 and in most scenarios, complete cessation by 2050. The members of the Powering Past Coal Alliance (PPCA), launched in 2017 at the UNFCCC Conference of the Parties, are committed to “phasing out existing unabated coal power generation and a moratorium on new coa
There is increasing evidence that microbial volatile organic compounds (mVOCs) play an important role in interactions between microbes in soils. In this minireview, we zoom in on the possible role of mVOCs in the suppression of plant-pathogenic soil fungi. In particular, we have screened the literature to see what the actual evidence is that mVOCs in soil atmospheres can contribute to pathogen sup
Oculomotor behavior reveals, not only the acquisition of visual information at fixation, but also the accumulation of information in memory across subsequent fixations. Two candidate measures were considered as indicators of such dynamic visual memory load: fixation duration and pupil size. While recording these measures, we displayed an arrangement of 3, 4 or 5 targets among distractors. Both occ
The literature on regional development increasingly recognizes that agency is an essential but understudied factor in processes of regional structural change. However, much like the fundamental debates in social sciences about agency and structure, work in this field has often remained theoretical. Investigating the role of agency in regional economic development, systematically and at the micro-l
Institutional economics has produced a string of findings about the importance of good institutions for economic growth and development. While consensus is lacking about how important institutions are, few scholars argue that institutions have no impact whatsoever. Yet, for all the knowledge produced, the results of institutional reforms are meager. This is not surprising as a central theme in the
By examining the arguments presented in courts and in print media to support and oppose the introduction of conscientious objection for healthcare workers in Sweden, this article illustrates the ways in which interest groups may take advantage of expanding opportunity structures in the wake of internationalization, all the while framing their arguments in ways that create resonance with national aBy examining the arguments presented in courts and in print media to support and oppose the introduction of conscientious objection for healthcare workers in Sweden, this article illustrates the ways in which interest groups may take advantage of expanding opportunity structures in the wake of internationalization, all the while framing their arguments in ways that create resonance with national a
Focusing new teacher students has at least two different implications. The students are new in the meaning of being first term students. Analyses of the recruitment to teacher education show that the new students have other social characteristics than before. During the last two decades fewer students from academic families and fewer students with high degrees from upper secondary school have ent
In July 2000 the five-year Swedish national “Socware Research & Education Program” was started. One of the aims of the program was to develop an innovative unique educational curriculum in System-on-Chip design. The program was targeted at undergraduate and graduate. In total the program received USD $15 million funding. In 2005 the program entered a new phase; more than 500 Master’s students
Within the field of syntactic typology, which seeks to describe and classify the range of grammatical phenomena extant in the world’s languages, one of the most important problems is whether or not a given language is ergative. Within a generative approach, a further problem is accounting for the existence of ergative languages by the definition of what may be termed an ‘ergativity parameter’. Thi
When they migrate to another Member State (MS), EU citizens must adjust to a country whose legal environment is composed of both national laws and EU laws. Additionally, mobile EU citizens have their own legal culture which crafts the way they make sense of mundane circumstances and social interactions. What comes out of the mutual interplay between the host MS’s legal environment and mobile EU ci
