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The aim of this study is to discuss potential long term effects of online shopping on transport (both passenger and freight) and urban land use planning (e.g. structure and location of retail) with a focus on the Swedish case. The explorative approach is conducted through a mixed method approach combining the analysis of planning documents and reports, interviews with planners/private actors for t

Introduction. When using bibliometrics for research evaluation, the classification of research fields is an issue of great importance. The purpose of this paper is to outline a brief theoretical framework for analysing the role of classification in research evaluation practices.Theory. Taking departure in the concept of ‘boundary objects’ we develop a theoretical framework for analyses of how scie

The paper investigates the development of energy efficient windows in the past 30 years. The focus is on the development and interlinkages among technology, actors´ interaction and market diffusion in a broader policy context. The paper shows that in singular development cycles, different factors and the interfaces among these factors influenced the improvement and penetration of energy efficient

Presumption of Equality requires that individuals be treated equally in the absence of relevant information that would discriminate between them. Our objective is to make this principle more precise, if viewed as a principle of fairness, and to determine why and under what conditions it should be obeyed. Presumption norms are procedural constraints, but their justification can be sought in the pos

Let G be a group. Then S⊆G is an invariable generating set of G if every subset S′ obtained from S by replacing each element with a conjugate is also a generating set of G. We investigate invariable generation among key examples of branch groups. In particular, we prove that all generating sets of the torsion Grigorchuk groups, of the branch Grigorchuk-Gupta-Sidki groups and of the torsion multi-E

Populärvetenskaplig sammanfattning: Småvatten i form av dammar och våtmarker har en viktig funktion i både den terrestra och akvatiska miljön. De fungerar till exempel som buffert för näringsämnen från att flöda ut i havet och dem ökar den biologiska mångfalden bland växter och djur. De flesta antropogena småvattnen har sitt ursprung från 1800-talet och 1900-talets början, då näringsrik märgelleraSmall water bodies in the shape of ponds and wetlands have an important function in both the terrestrial and the aquatic environment. They serve as a buffer to prevent rash out-flow of nutrients into the oceans and they maintain biological diversity for plants and animals. Most anthropogenic small waters originated in the 19th century and beginning of 20th century. During this time, good fertilizi