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Intellectual property law seeks to promote society's industrial development through the recognition of patents. The logic of granting patent protection is clear-cut: Patents provide incentives for developing new technology. The lack of an adequate legal protection for innovations would slow progress and the benefits it brings. Without legal protection, companies would be unlikely to spend sign
If as Hersch Lauterpact stated in the most overly quoted Humanitarian Lawyers phrase in Oppenheim's International Law, International Humanitarian Law lies at the vanishing point of International Law, then I would posit that it is only the continuance of education particularly education in LOAC that prevents it from vanishing altogether. The preservation of the buildings housing that education
Future wireless communications will rely on multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) beamforming operating at millimeter wave (mmWave) frequency bands to deliver high data rates. To support flexible spatial processing and meet the demands of latency-critical applications, it is essential to use fully digital mmWave MIMO beamforming, which relies on accurate channel estimation. However, ensuring power
Wireless power transfer (WPT) is a promising service for the Internet of Things (IoT), providing a cost-effective and sustainable solution to deploy so-called energy-neutral devices on a massive scale. The power received at the device side from a conventional transmit antenna with a physically small aperture decays rapidly with the distance. New opportunities arise from the transition from convent
SARS [Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome] penetrated China in spring of 2003, created havoc in the social society, exposed weaknesses within the political system and pushed the nation towards a crisis of confidence. At the same time the crisis revitalised the Party's position, brought people from different social stratum together and had a beneficial impact on the populace's knowledge on he
Hedge funds have been a part of the financial markets since the 1940's. However, it is only during the last decade that they have gained the status as one of the more influential players on this market. Today hedge funds enjoy great interest from both investors and regulators. There is not really a generally accepted definition of the term hedge fund. What characterizes them, and what might be
Vid utformningen av rätten att överklaga och prövningen i andra instans finns en mängd aspekter att ta hänsyn till. Dessa ställer på sätt och vis olika krav på prövningens utformning. Detta gäller såväl nationellt som internationellt. Vid utformningen av rätten att överklaga och prövningen i andra instans är det naturligt att landets konventionsåtaganden i form av art. 2 i sjunde tilläggsprotokollWhen forming the right to appeal and the trial in second instance there are a number of aspects to take into account and the different aspects sets, in certain ways, different demands on the form of the trial. This goes both nationally and internationally. When forming the right to appeal and the trial of second instance, it is natural to examine the countries obligations to Art. 2 of the Seventh
Rätten kring användningen av internationella vattendrag för andra ändamål än sjöfart har under de senaste decennierna varit föremål för kodifiering och progressiv utveckling under ILC och FN:s ledning. Arbetet resulterade i att generalförsamlingen 21 maj 1997 röstade igenom en konvention, UNWC , som har varit öppen för tillträde sedan dess. UNWC är till stor del centrerad kring principen om rättviDuring the last few decades, the law on the non-navigational uses of international watercourses has been the subject of codification and progressive development under the auspices of the ILC and the UN. This work resulted in the adoption of the UNWC by the UN General Assembly 21 May 1997, and the UNWC has been open to join since that date. At the core of the convention lies the principle of equita
The sovereignty concept is facing a challenge. In the postmodern world order European member states share a common security strategy and human security has become the guiding principle for European security thinking. The aim of this thesis is to develop conceptualizations of the sovereignty concept that incorporates elements of both state sovereignty and human security. In addition my aim is to an
The aim of this study is to analyse the social workers assessments about economic assistance to clients with a drug- or alcoholic abuse. Furthermore this paper will also shed light on the differences in thoughts that these social workers have on economic assistance for clients with drug- or alcoholic abuse. Our questions for the study is if there are any rules and routines in the different communi
I Sverige berörs 200 barn per år av att en förälder utvisas ur landet. Barn har en del rättigheter dels genom vissa bestämmelser som finns i svenska lagar som FB, SOL och UtlL men även i EKMR och barnkonventionen. Möjligheterna att utesluta utvisning i ett mål kring utvisningsfrågan på grund av brott där utlänningen har barn i riket finner man främmst i 8kap 11§ UtlL. Denna lagändring infördes eftIn Sweden there are 200 children every year which is affected by a parent will be expelled from the country. Children have some rights partly through provisions in Swedish law such as FB, SOL and UtlL but also in EKMR and the child convention. The possibilities of limiting deportation order when the alien has children in the country are found mainly in the aliens act 8 chapters 11§. This provision
Aktivering av immunförsvaret dämpar den samme Kroppens immunförsvar består av en mängd olika typer av specialiserade celler, alla med sina unika egenskaper och nischer. För att immunförsvaret ska fungera så optimalt som möjligt krävs det att cellerna kan interagera och kommunisera med varandra, vilket görs med hjälp av proteiner som finns på cellernas yta. En typ av celler, som kallas CD8+ T cellAbstract 4-1BB (CD137/TNFRSF9) is a costimulatory receptor expressed by several cellular subsets of the immune system, but is commonly associated with CD8+ T cells. Stimulation of 4-1BB on CD8+ T cells with agonistic antibodies (α-4-1BB) causes a potent proliferation signal and an upregulated expression of CD11c. CD11c+CD8+ have previously been recognized to suppress other immune cells, such as F
I en allt mer globaliserad värld präglad av konstant gränsöverskridande handel är det av yttersta vikt att beskattningen av gränsöverskridande transaktioner fungerar tillfredsställande. Detta gäller även de fall då avkastning på finansiella instrument korsar länders gränser. I svensk rätt liksom i många andra länders rätt saknas klara definitioner för vad som är ränta och vad som är utdelning. DetIn a progressively more globalized world featuring constant cross-border trade it is imperative that the taxation of cross-border transactions is carried out in a satisfactory manner. This is also true regarding periodic income from financial instruments. In Swedish tax law as well as in many other countries there is no clear definition of what constitutes interest and dividends. Large multination
Uppsatsen redogör för hur den digitala distributionsformen streaming förhåller sig till gällande rätt och vilka rättigheter upphovsmän och utövande artister har till denna distributionsform. Upphovsrättslagen är en skyddslagstiftning som syftar till att ge skydd åt upphovsmän och utövande artisters prestationer. På senare tid har den upphovsrättsliga lagstiftningen som en följd av det digitaliserThis essay illustrates how the digital distribution method “streaming” interrelates with existing law and which rights authors and performing artists have with this form of distribution. The Swedish Copyright Act is a protective legislation aimed at providing protection for authors' and artists' performances. More recently, as a result of the digitized society, Swedish copyright legislati
Denna uppsats handlar om jämställdhet mellan män och kvinnor i bolagsstyrelser. I dagens bolagsstyrelser råder mansdominans och i denna uppsats utreder jag om man bör sträva efter mer jämställda bolagsstyrelser. Det har föreslagits regleringar av detta slag både på EU-nivå och nationell nivå. EU-kommissionen har föreslagit ett direktiv och den förra jämställdhetsministern, Nyamko Sabuni, har föres
A granny job with soft issues, feelings and stuff - A qualitative study of men in a female-dominated profession The purpose of this study was to examine how professional social workers and students in social work education relates to and understands the idea that social work is considered feminine. Another aspect considered in this study is how the widespread predominance of women in social work
Studien berör användningen av sociala kategorier i polisiär och statlig verksamhet, och visar att social kategorisering leder till en rad problematiska konsekvenser. Efter uppmärksammandet av polisens så kallade Romregister uppstod en debatt om polisens arbetsmetoder och huruvida fördomar förekom inom den polisiära organisationen. Polisiära och statliga insatser som riktar sig mot en särskild grupThis thesis discusses the use of stereotypes and social categories in the police force. The study illustrates how stereotypes inevitably lead to several problematic consequences. Following the uncovering of the so called ”Romani-register”, a debate occurred whether stereotypes existed in the Swedish police force. Targeted police efforts and government initiatives are however a consequence of the c
This research is a critical analysis of a delay regime for multimodal transport, or door-to-door transport. At this day, there are no mandatory rules governing multimodal transport, but a process of creating a set of rules are pending both within UNCITRAL as well as the European Union. Due to the increased use of containers in shipping, multimodal transport has become more common. For this purpose
