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I Sverige gäller principen om den fria bevisprövningen. Förutom ett fåtal undantag och en generell avvisningsregel i 35:7 rättegångsbalken finns det i princip inga begränsningar om vad som får åberopas som bevisning i en domstol i brottmål. Det har heller inte ansetts oförenligt med lag att ta upp och pröva bevisning som åtkommits på ett olagligt sätt. I USA och Kanada förhåller det sig annorlundIn Sweden, the ruling principle on evidence is that it is allowed to admit almost any type of evidence before a court in a criminal case. There is a few exceptions and general exclusion rule in 35:7 rättegångsbalken, which is used mostly when evidence is clearly not needed in the trial. It is considered possible to admit and use evidence that was gathered through a breach of a constitutional right

Öga för öga, tand för tand är en straffrättslig princip som myntades av kung Hammurabi i Babylonien kring år 1700 före Kristus genom Hammurabis lag. Principen om öga för öga, tand för tand innebär att den som orsakat skada ska lida samma skada. Svensk straffrätt har gått från resonemanget att ”ont ska botas med ont” till straff och skadestånd i pengar och därför finns inte principen om öga för ögaChapter 5 article 2 of the Property Formation Act reads that the person who forfeitsland shall be compensated with land primarily. This means that the principal rule isthat land shall be compensated with land, but when this is not deemed appropriated compensation in money is acceptable. Furthermore, the paragraphmeans that the Surveying Authority (LM) may decide against the land owners wish that c

The aim of this master thesis is to examine how institutional rules and demands, present in cultural politics, affects the work with digitalisation in local museums. According to narrative trends in Sweden’s national cultural politics, digitalisation has the potential to encourage and increase democracy by enabling participation and wider access. Therefore, digitisation practices in cultural insti

Narrative and gender are both notions closely connected to culture and society. Narrative, on the one hand, is not just the art of telling stories, it carries deeper meanings, evokes feelings, and even affects our actions and interactions with one another. Gender, on the other hand, and specifically social gender, is defined as the gender identity that a person has shaped through his or her intera

In the Iron Age AD, ringforts were constructed on the Swedish island Öland. Most of them contained a settlement inside. The remains of 15 of these ringforts are still preserved in the landscape. This thesis gives a general overview of the known and the possible Ölandic ringforts and their historical and constructional context, before analysing and comparing the settlements inside the ringforts Eke

This thesis aims to evaluate MathWorks HDL (Hardware Descriptive Language) Coder and compare the results with designs produced by its vendor dependent counterparts. The focus is mainly on evaluate the design effort needed to close timing and to get optimal resource mapping for a selected design. Different tests were carried out with the designs made in HDL Coder ranging from a small design to a co

The demand for space cooling is rising. The increase in cooling demand can put significant strain on the electric grid since approximately 99% of air-conditioning and refrigeration loads worldwide are met with electricity. Many hot weather cities could benefit from district cooling (DC) systems to meet their growing cooling demand in an effective sustainable manner. Since these systems require sig

Objective: The rate of failed interlock blood alcohol content (BAC) tests is a strong predictor of recidivism post-interlock and a partial proxy for alcohol use. Alcohol biomarkers measured at the start of an interlock program are known to correlate well with rates of failed BAC tests over months of interlock use. This study evaluates 2 methods of measuring low blood levels of the biomarker phosph

Patrick Chamoiseau is arguably the most prominent cultural personality from the French island of Martinique. His reputation is due to the worldwide success of his novels, especially Texaco, winner of the Prix Goncourt-award in 1992, but also to the fact that he is the leading theorist of the Créolité, an ideological movement whose aim is to preserve the character of Creole identity and culture aga

This thesis addresses three different topics in wind power plant operation. Most of the research is focused on controlling a wind farm that is required to meet a power set-point. In this mode of operation, the wind turbines are able to vary their power production as long as the total power demand is met. The research investigates how this freedom can be used in order to reduce the fatigue loads e

The two major aims of this study are (1) To test the performance of the Landscape Reconstruction Algorithm (LRA) to quantify past landscape changes using historical maps and related written sources, and (2) to use the LRA and map reconstructions for a better understanding of the origin of landscape diversity and the recent loss of species diversity. Southern Sweden, hemiboreal vegetation zone. The

Objective To determine the ability of acoustic streaming to discriminate between endometriomas and other adnexal masses. Methods We used data from 1938 patients with an adnexal mass included in Phase 2 of the International Ovarian Tumor Analysis (IOTA) study. All patients had been examined by transvaginal gray-scale and Doppler ultrasound following a standardized research protocol. Assessment of a

Background: Cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) are hypothesised to be risk factors for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), a group of haematological malignancies with a suspected environmental aetiology. Within the EnviroGenoMarkers study we utilised pre-diagnostic erythrocyte concentrations of Cd and Pb to determine whether exposure was associated with risk of B-cell NHL and multiple myeloma. Methods: 194 inci

Background: The commercialization of second-generation bioethanol has not been realized due to several factors, including poor biomass utilization and high production cost. It is generally accepted that the most important parameters in reducing the production cost are the ethanol yield and the ethanol concentration in the fermentation broth. Agricultural residues contain large amounts of hemicellu

Contemporary cognitive science challenges the idea about the human brain as a kind of computor. Instead the importance of the body for our way to understand and interact with the world has come into focus. Theories about the ”situated” and ”embodied” character of human cognition have entailed that notions like action, consciousness, and intersubjectivity have gained renewed scientific interest. On

Background: The relationship between smoking and an increased incidence of cardiovascular diseases is well known. Whether smokeless tobacco (snuff) is related to myocardial infarction (MI) or stroke is still controversial. Aim of this study was to explore whether snuff users have an increased incidence of MI or stroke. Methods: A total of 16 754 women and 10 473 men (aged 45-73 years), without his

BACKGROUND: : Atherosclerosis is considered to be an inflammatory disease. Infections are a significant cause of inflammation. Acute infections might precipitate acute coronary syndromes (ACS) whereas chronic infections might be stimuli for the development of atherosclerosis. METHODS: : Coronary angiograms were done on 211 of 335 patients with ACS and the percentage of coronary obstruction was det

1.. Implementation of the full spectra of screening tools to prevent the introduction of invasive species results in a need to evaluate the cost-efficiency of gathering the information needed to screen for these species. 2. We show how the Bayesian value of information approach can be used to derive the benefit of a screening model based on species traits, which in combination with the base rate o