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Box jellyfish have an impressive set of 24 eyes of four different types, including eyes structurally similar to those of vertebrates and cephalopods [1, 2]. However, the known visual responses are restricted to simple phototaxis, shadow responses, and object avoidance responses [3-8], and it has been a puzzle why they need such a complex set of eyes. Here we report that medusae of the box jellyfis
Given a set of commodities and a network where some arcs can fail while others are reliable, we consider a routing problem with respect to a survivability requirement that each commodity can be split among pairs of failure-disjoint paths. Two paths p and p′ form a pair of failure-disjoint paths if they share only reliable arcs. The same flow is sent over p and p′, but the flow sent on a common rel
This paper discusses design and measurements of a flexible Viterbi decoder fabricated in 130-nm digital CMOS. Flexibility was incorporated by providing various code rates and modulation schemes to adjust to varying channel conditions. Based on previous trade-off studies, flexible building blocks were carefully designed to cause as little area penalty as possible. The chip runs down to a minimal co
HC-128 is an eSTREAM final portfolio stream cipher. Several authors have investigated its security and, in particular, distinguishing attacks have been considered. Still, no one has been able to provide a distinguisher stronger than the one presented by Wu in the original HC-128 paper. In this paper we first argue that the keystream requirement in Wu’s original attack is underestimated by a factor
This paper presents a flow that is suitable to estimate energy dissipation of digital standard-cell based designs which are determined to be operated in the sub-threshold regime. The flow is applicable on gate-level netlists, where back-annotated toggle information is used to find the minimum energy operation point, corresponding maximum clock frequency, as well as the dissipated energy per clock
More and more user groups are using medical devices. Heart starters are, for example, available in public places and used by non-professionals. Different mobile medical applications, designed to help people manage their own health, are now being added to the medical device spectra. Users handling medical devices make errors, but by involving users in the risk management process, it is possible to
Email Print Request Permissions Save to Project This paper presents an ultra-low power direct conversion receiver front-end operating at 2.6 GHz with high out-of-band linearity and low quadrature error. This is achieved through the use of efficient mixers with improved out-of-band suppression, including rejection of the second harmonic, and an local-oscillator generator
Lead time, defined as the duration between the moment a request was filed and the moment the decision was made, is an important aspect of decision making in market-driven requirements engineering. Minimizing lead time allows software companies to focus their resources on the most profitable functionality and enables them to remain competitive within the quickly changing software market. Achieving
We present the concept of greedy distinguishers and show how some simple observations and the well known greedy heuristic can be combined into a very powerful strategy (the Greedy Bit Set Algorithm) for efficient and systematic construction of distinguishers and nonrandomness detectors. We show how this strategy can be applied to a large array of stream and block ciphers, and we show that our meth
A simple and intuitive metric of multiplexing efficiency is proposed for evaluating the performance of MIMO antennas in the spatial multiplexing mode of operation. Apart from gaining valuable insights into the impact of antenna efficiency, efficiency imbalance and correlation on multiplexing performance, the metric is particularly useful for antenna engineers whose goal is to achieve the optimum a
Directional antennas have been used to solve interference and connectivity issues in wireless networks for some time. Many scenarios have been presented and often positive conclusions are drawn, i.e., showing the increase in capacity. However, to date the research has mainly focused on either antenna placement or transmission scheduling but not the two combined. Such consideration will become incr
This paper presents an analysis on energy dissipation of digital half-band filters operating in the sub-threshold (sub-VT) region with throughput and supply voltage constraints. A 12-bit filter is implemented along with various unfolded structures, used to form a decimation filter chain. The designs are synthesized in a 65 nm low-leakage CMOS technology with various threshold voltages. A sub-VT en
From our experimental investigation of multiple-antenna performance and user impact of a realistic mobile terminal setup, we find that apart from the important loss of efficiency due to the user hand, the impact on the individual antennna elements and the directional impact of the user body shadowing have quite small influence on the diversity and capacity performance. It is found that the top and
Abstract in UndeterminedVehicular communication channels are characterized by a nonstationary time-frequency-selective fading process due to rapid changes in the environment. The nonstationary fading process can be characterized by assuming local stationarity for a region with finite extent in time and frequency. For this finite region, the wide-sense stationarity and uncorrelated scattering assum
This paper presents a flexible architecture suitable for performing both channel estimation and signal detection in a MIMO-OFDM downlink. Extensive hardware sharing between two tasks is achieved by algorithm and architecture co-design, where robust MMSE sliding window channel estimation and MMSE-based signal detection with symbol perturbation scheme are adopted. The proposed architecture is based
The IDEM3 maturity model is a process improvement framework that can be used by an organisation to assess and improve their IT dependability management processes. The framework focuses on the coordination of IT management and safety management within an organisation. In this paper, an evaluation plan for the maturity model is presented to evaluate its applicability, assessment accuracy, and practi
Abstract in UndeterminedWe introduce a new method for prestack depth migration of seismic common-shot gathers.The computational procedure follows standard steps of the reverse-time migration, i.e.,downward continuation of the `source' and the `receiver' waveelds, followed by applicationof an imaging condition (e.g. zero-lag cross-correlation of these elds). In our method werst nd a sparse data rep
Manual software testing is a widely practiced verification and validation method that is unlikely to fade away despite the advances in test automation. In the domain of manual testing, many practitioners advocate exploratory testing (ET), i.e., creative, experience-based testing without predesigned test cases, and they claim that it is more efficient than testing with detailed test cases. This pap
