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center dot The transient receptor potential (TRP) channel superfamily has been shown to be involved in nociception and mechanosensory transduction in various organ systems, and studies of the LUT have indicated that several TRP channels, including TRPV1, TRPV2, TRPV4, TRPM8, and TRPA1, are expressed in the bladder, and may act as sensors of stretch and/or chemical irritation. center dot However, t
Avtalade friköps- och utköpsklausuler riskerar krocka med aktiebolagsrättsliga normer och föreskrivna överlåtelsebegränsningar i bolagsordningen. Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka vad gällande rätt föreskriver om sådana kollisioner och var gränserna går för vad som är möjligt att reglera i friköps- och utköpsklausuler. Friköpsklausuler ger aktieägare en rätt att bli utköpt och utköpsklausuBuy-out clauses in shareholders agreements risk colliding with Swedish company law and transfer restrictions in the articles of association. The purpose of this paper is to examine what the law provides for such collisions and the limits for what is possible to regulate with buy-out clauses. A buy-out clause with a put option states a right for shareholders to be bought out and one with a call opt
The Monte Carlo method has become increasingly used to simulate imaging systems like the scintillation camera and SPECT systems. In order to investigate intrinsic properties of SPECT systems the Monte Carlo based application SIMIND (Simulating Medical Imaging Nuclear Detectors) has been developed. Up to now, it has not been able to simulate a pinhole-imaging device with SIMND. The aim of this work
BACKGROUND: Tau pathology distribution in Alzheimer's disease (AD) shows individual spatial heterogeneity, including hemispheric asymmetry. The mechanisms underlying this asymmetry remain unclear. This study explored whether tau asymmetry is linked to reduced inter-hemispheric connectivity, potentially restricting tau spread, or reflects asymmetry in amyloid-beta (Aβ) distribution, indicating hemi
Web sites are exposed to high rates of incoming requests. Since web sites are sensitive to overload, admission control mechanisms are often implemented. The purpose of such a mechanism is to prevent requests from entering the web server during high loads. This paper presents how admission control mechanisms can be designed and implemented with a combination of queueing theory and control theory. S
In international law, according to the Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property, a coat of arms of a state and other state emblems are protected against use in trademarks. Included in the protection is also ”any imitation from a heraldic point of view” of the protected emblem. This phrase has been further defined in EU law. The Court of Justice of the European Union held in the ”
Samtidigt som bilen är själva grunden för det sätt vi förflyttar oss i samhället, utgör bilismen den främsta orsaken till transportsektorns negativa miljö- och hälsoeffekter. Denna avhandling handlar om politiska försök att gå bortom bilen, mot en mer hållbar form av mobilitet. Hållbar mobilitet eller hållbara transporter, som är den mer använda termen i Sverige, har de senaste decennierna kommitTransport policies in Western Europe are increasingly framed in terms of sustainable mobility. This is a response to an urgent need to tackle adverse consequences of the transport system and implies changes in discourses related to transport. Exploring sustainable mobility is a fruitful way of studying discursive development in a policy field historically connected to priorities radically differen
Avancerade skatteupplägg och aggressiv skatteplanering av multinationella företag har under lång tid varit en realitet inom EU. Genom prissättningsbesked kan företag och nationella skattemyndigheter på förhand fastställa hur koncerninterna transaktioner ska prissättas och hur företaget ska beskattas i den aktuella medlemsstaten. Under senare år har Europeiska kommissionen i allt större utsträckninAdvanced tax structures and aggressive tax planning by multinational companies have long been a reality within the EU. Through advance pricing agreements, companies and national tax authorities can determine in advance how intra-group transactions should be priced and how the company will be taxed in the relevant Member State. In recent years, the European Commission has increasingly scrutinized s
This thesis examines whether more generous unemployment insurance is associated with greater household portfolio risk-taking in Europe by reducing background income risk. Using a largely balanced panel of European countries, the analysis measures household risk-taking as the share of household financial assets held in equity and investment fund shares. Unemployment insurance generosity is proxied
Upphovsrättens grundläggande syfte är att säkerställa en rimlig balans mellan skyddet av upphovsmannens rättigheter och möjligheten att utnyttja kulturella och kreativa verk i samhället. Frågan om hur ersättningen till upphovsmän och utövande konstnärer bör fastställs vid överlåtelser av rättigheter är central inom upphovsrätten. I syfte att bidra till en fungerande digital inre marknad, stimuleraThe fundamental purpose of copyright is to ensure a fair balance between the protection of authors’ rights and the ability of society to access and exploit cultural and creative works. The question of how remuneration for authors and performing artists should be determined in cases of transfer of rights is a central issue within copyright law. With the aim of contributing to a well- functioning di
Rätten att häva gäller som en allmän obligationsrättslig princip. Det är emellertid omdiskuterat vad som innefattas i begreppet hävning; vad som krävs för att det ska föreligga hävningsrätt och vilka rättsverkningar en hävningsförklaring aktualiserar. Uppsatsen tar avstamp i hävning från allmän obligationsrättslig utgångspunkt. Därefter inriktas uppsatsen på en särskild avtalstyp, närmare bestämThe right to terminate a contract is considered a general principle. However, there is no uniform understanding of the conditions required for the existence of a right to terminate or the legal consequences of termination. The purpose of the thesis is to analyze termination of construction contracts and particularly delay as a ground for termination, in the light of general contract law. The inter
Tropical grasslands are ecosystems of immense value, both ecologically and socially. Despite this, they are commonly misclassified as degraded forests, partly due to the large role of fire, rather than climate, in limiting the establishment of woody vegetation in those ecosystems. Misclassification can cause misguided management practices to be implemented, which explains the need for improved cla
Installation of heat recovery system in multi-family houses - A comparison between a central system and an individual system. Energy- efficiency of buildings is a popular subject of discussion. If we are going to reduce the energy consumption in our buildings we need to install more effective ventilation systems that utilize the heat in the exhaust air. Exhaust and supply air ventilation with heat
I svensk rätt finns det vissa möjligheter för säljare att i avtalet med en köpare förbehålla sig rätten att återta egendomen om betalning inte fullgörs, ett s.k. återtagandeförbehåll. Uppsatsen har som syfte att utreda de krav som ställs för ett sakrättsligt giltigt återtagandeförbehåll, enligt den svenska rättsordningen. Nuvarande reglering gör det inte möjligt för en säljare att genom återtagandFor a creditor in commercial transactions, a promise to pay is seldom sufficient. For that reason the creditor would like to secure his claim to minimise the risks arising from the contract under the credit terms. One way of securing his claim is by using retention of title clause. The thesis aims to investigate the requirements for an indefeasible protected retention of title clause, according to
This thesis investigates the causal relationship between board diversity and the performance of firms that have gone public in the Nordics through Initial Public Offerings (IPOs) during the 2020s, a period characterised by significant economic, regulatory, and demographic shifts. By implementing a robust instrumental variable (IV) approach with the Bartik shift-share instrument, the study examines
Helamalmö is an organization working in politically neglected areas where they implement social solutions to social problems. This essay aims to study Helamalmö's structural work for social change and analyze how their relational work with children and youths contributes to the experience of safety, belonging and faith in the future. The results present empirical data collected through intervi
The Sweden Democrats have been taking the Swedish political system for a tumultuous spin with an explosive increase in received votes in the 2014 governmental elections. As the Sweden Democrats are viewed by some as a nationalist, anti-immigrant and a racist party, the entrance into the Swedish parliament in 2010 was met by medial as well as public havoc resulting in the establishment of a politic
