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The present study examined the rheological blood velocity profile in the conduit femoral artery during rhythmic muscle contractions at different muscle forces. Eight healthy volunteers performed one-legged, dynamic knee-extensor exercise at work rates of 5, 10, 20, 30, and 40 W at 60 contractions per minute. The time and space-averaged, amplitude-weighted mean ( V-mean) and maximum (V-max) blood f

Popular Abstract in Swedish Tidigare trodde man att den vuxna hjärnan inte hade någon förmåga att nybilda nervceller. Detta skulle innebära att nervceller aldrig blev ersatta om de skadades eller dog. Nu vet man däremot att den vuxna hjärnan fortfarande producerar nya nervceller från särskilda moderceller, s.k. stamceller, belägna i åtminstone två områden i hjärnan: subgranulära zonen i hippocamThe adult brain constantly produces new neurons from endogenous neural progenitor cells located in at least two regions, the subgranular zone (SGZ) in dentate gyrus of the hippocampus, and the subventricular zone (SVZ). Major efforts are underway to discover the functional significance of new neurons in the adult brain. Several studies have indicated a relationship exists between newborn hippoca

To model aerosol-cloud interactions in general circulation models (GCMs), a prognostic cloud scheme of cloud liquid water and amount is expanded to include droplet number concentration (N(d)) in a way that allows them to be calculated using the same large-scale and convective updraft velocity field. In the scheme, the evolution of droplets fully interacts with the model meteorology. An explicit tr

Abstract in Uncoded languages Praegune kaitsejalatsite testimise standard (EN 344) kontrollib soojapidavuslikke omadusi vaid jalatsi ühes punktis, mõõtes temperatuuri muutust. Meetod, mis kasutab termilist jala mudelit, võimaldab mõõta jalatsi soojaisolatsiooni üheaegselt erinevates piirkondades ning ühtlasi ka jalatsi kui terviku soojaisolatsiooni. Selle uurimuse käigus arendati termilise jala mePresent standard on safety footwear (EN 344) checks the insulation only at one point in the shoes by means of measuring the temperature change. A method that uses thermal foot model allows to measure footwear insulation simultaneously at various locations and for whole footwear as well. In the present work the method of heated foot model was developed further. It is possible to simulate sweating a

Popular Abstract in Swedish Förhållandet mellan utrikespolitik och demokrati har behandlats inom statsvetenskapen i hundratals år. En vanlig uppfattning har varit att behandlingen av utrikespolitiska frågor svårligen kan ske i demokratiska former. Inom utrikespolitiken har riksdagen traditionellt en svagare ställning gentemot regeringen än i inrikespolitiska frågor. I fokus för denna avhandling sThe increasing internationalization puts new demands on national democracy and national parliamentarism. The questions posed in this dissertation are if the parliamentary model for domestic policy or the parliamentary model for foreign policy is the most relevant when describing the role of the Swedish Riksdag (parliament) in European Union (EU) matters, and whether there have been any changes dur

Popular Abstract in Swedish Den s.k. "uncertain dichotomous choice" modellen används för att beskriva gruppbeslut. Modellen består av två komponenter: gruppstruktur och röstsystem. Gruppen utgörs av ett antal personer med ett gemensamt mål. Medlemmarnas uppgift är att välja ett av de två givna alternativen, av vilka det ena är korrekt. Dessa två symmetriska alternativ antas så utformade att det inA probabilistic framework used in studying collective decision making is the uncertain dichotomous choice model. The model is essentially characterized by two components: the organizational structure and the voting process. By organizational structure, we refer to a group composed of members with common objectives and who are tasked to choose one of the two given alternatives, one of which is assu

The development of biological reactors for the treatment of toxic and recalcitrant organic pollutants is a complex task. Firstly, microbial inoculation, acclimation and selection must be optimized to provide the best microflora possible. Secondly, innovative technologies must be developed to overcome the intrinsic low degradation rates of hardly-degradable pollutants in order to allow short treatm

Popular Abstract in Swedish Syftet med den här studien var att undersöka det strukturella underlaget för förslagen att makrofager och gaserna kvävemonooxid (NO) och kolmonoxid (CO), som bildas av kvävemonooxidsyntaser (NOS) respektive hemeoxygenaser (HO), är viktiga för att en perifer nerv ska regenerera. Det finns stöd för dessa hypoteser eftersom andra har visat att förhållanden som stör den invThe purpose of this study was to investigate the suggestions that macrophages, and the systems generating nitric oxide (NO) and carbon monoxide (CO), i.e. nitric oxide synthases (NOS) and heme oxygenases (HO), could be important for peripheral nerve regeneration. Immunocytochemistry was used to visualise invading and resident macrophages, inducible NOS (iNOS), two isoforms of HO (HO-1 and HO-2),

Popular Abstract in Swedish Fåglars flygförmåga I alla tider har vi fascinerats av fåglars förmåga att flyga, och många försök att förstå och efterlikna dem har gjorts. Kanske den förste som på allvar intresserade sig för mekanismerna bakom fåglars flykt var Leonardo da Vinci som runt år 1500 funderade på hur fåglar alstrar lyftkraft. Leonardo skissade också på 100-tals maskiner som var tänkta atI share my fascination of bird flight with many others, and here I summarise my thesis on the subject. This thesis emphasises the mechanics of bird flight by focusing on flight mechanics, wake dynamics and flight performance. Gliding flight performance of a jackdaw was measured in a wind tunnel and I conclude that the current model for predicting optimum wingspan as a function of forward gliding

Popular Abstract in Swedish En fråga om liv och hälsa Livstillfredsställelse, personlighet och mortalitet i två äldre populationer Enligt en rapport från FN (2001) kan vi under de kommande 50 åren förvänta oss att andelen äldre över 60 år kommer att fördubblas. Ny och förbättrad teknik, medicinsk kunskap och behandling har utvecklats, vilket innebär att vi i dag överlever i större utsträckning dThe aims of the present thesis were to explore and describe elderly people’s morbidity and experience of symptoms in relation to life satisfaction, personality and mortality. (I, II and III) To learn from the individuals who have high life satisfaction in spite of the fact that they have concurrent medical diagnoses and conditions. (I and III) To reason how positive factors and strengths might hel

Popular Abstract in Swedish Dagligen produceras hos en vuxen människa det helt otroliga antalet av 300 miljarder (300.000.000.000) blodkroppar. De flesta är röda blodkroppar som ansvarar för att transportera syre från lungorna till alla celler i kroppen samt koldioxid i andra riktningen. Vidare finns olika sorters vita blodkroppar som skyddar oss från infektioner samt blodplättar (eller trombocyteHematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are responsible for the daily and life long production of large numbers of mature blood cells through highly regulated self-renewal and multilineage capabilities. Leukemias on the other hand, are characterized by a clonal, dysregulated, lineage skewed proliferation and impaired differentiation as the result of multiple accumulated genetic events. In acute myeloid le

The synthesis of phospholipids with defined fatty acid and polar head composition catalysed by lipases and phospholipases was investigated. Lipases from Rhizopus arrhizus and Candida antarctica were used for the direct acylation of DL-a-glycerophosphate and L-a-glycerophosphatidylcholine, with different fatty acids. Esterification reactions can be carried out in systems with low wate

Popular Abstract in Swedish Studien behandlar den sydsvenske bonadsmålaren Johannes Nilssons måleri. Denne produktive målare levde och verkade i Breareds socken i södra Halland 1757­1827. En analys av hans bonader visar att han i många stycken frångick sina föregångares traditionella, imiterande framställning och begränsade motivkrets. Den övergripande frågan i avhandlingen är: varför målade JohanThe aim of this dissertation is to find relationships between folk art, an artist's personal life and influential factors originating in the context. Christmas wall hangings by the peasant painter Johannes Nilsson (1757­1827) are the focus of the study. The fact that he had a special approach to the painting tradition raises two questions: Why did he paint the way he did? How can his hangings be i

Objective: To assess the quality of antibiotic prescribing in primary care in Belgium, the Netherlands and Sweden using European disease-specific antibiotic prescribing quality indicators (APQI) and taking into account the threshold to consult and national guidelines. Design: A retrospective observational database study. Setting: Routine primary health care registration networks in Belgium, the Ne

In pristine Sphagnum-dominated peatlands, (di)nitrogen (N2) fixing (diazotrophic) microbial communities associated with Sphagnum mosses contribute substantially to the total nitrogen input, increasing carbon sequestration. The rates of symbiotic nitrogen fixation reported for Sphagnum peatlands, are, however, highly variable, and experimental work on regulating factors that can mechanistically exp

Introduction: The current study aimed to investigate the responses to block- versus evenly-distributed high-intensity interval training (HIT) within a polarized microcycle. Methods: Twenty well-trained junior cross-country skiers (10 males, age 17.6 ± 1.5 and 10 females, age 17.3 ± 1.5) completed two, 3-week periods of training (EVEN and BLOCK) in a randomized, crossover-design study. In EVEN, 3 H

Background: The pathophysiology of neurodegeneration is complex. Its diagnosis requires an early identification of sequential changes in several hallmarks in the brains of affected subjects. The presence of brain pathology can be visualized in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) by protein profiling. It is clear that the field of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) will benefit from an integration of algorithms in