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För att en person ska kunna dömas för ett brott krävs det att denna har handlat med uppsåt eller i vissa fall oaktsamhet. För att uppsåt ska föreligga ska handlingen ha varit medveten och det ska finnas ett kausalsamband mellan denna och dess följd. Uppsåtsbegreppet är indelat i tre grader: avsiktsuppsåt, insiktsuppsåt och likgiltighetsuppsåt och de är graderade i den ordning de räknades upp med dResearchers who studied alcohol dependence in humans have come to the conclusion that alcoholism affects the brain's neurotransmitters, which means that the brain can begin to function differently about exposing the large amounts of alcohol over a long period of time. An addiction to alcohol is hard to recover from, with many severe withdrawal symptoms as a result. In the current legal situati

The profound impacts on human rights brought about by international and regional trade agreements have increasingly been recognized by scholars in the fields of human rights and trade, as well as international organizations and civil societies. Most notably, the intersection between human rights and trade has been reaffirmed by the United Nations, evidently in the reports by the United Nations Hig

Popular science summary: Predictive model for unbound brain-to-plasma concentration ratio Blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a dynamic interface evolved to protect the brain from exposure to toxic xenobiotics and to maintain homeostasis. Distribution of drugs across BBB is critical for any drug discovery project. A drug designed for a target in brain has to pass through the BBB in sufficient concentr

Today’s market for gas turbines is very competitive and it is important to constantly improve the performance of the engines. It is commonly known that gas turbines have better performance at low ambient temperatures than at high ambient temperatures. One way to counteract the negative influence of a high ambient temperature is to use variable compressor guide vanes. The aim of this thesis is to e

As part of a research grant aimed at producing chicken feed from the novel microalgae Scenedesmus sp., called the ReMAPP project, this thesis investigates opportunities to increase the conservation potential and protein digestibility utilizing solid-state lactic acid fermentation and commercial enzyme additives. The lactic acid fermentation mimics the traditional agricultural ensiling process, whe

Transaktionsvolymerna för fastigheter i Sverige minskade med 42% under 2022, vilket har skapat en brist på referensobjekt för fastighetsvärderingar. Räntehöjningar och ökad inflation har skapat osäkerhet på marknaden och kan leda till stora konsekvenser för långivare och fastighetsföretag, samt den finansiella stabiliteten. Syftet med examensarbetet är att behandla problematiken vid fastighetsvärdThe transaction volumes for properties in Sweden decreased by 42% in 2022, which has created a shortage of reference objects for property valuations. Increased interest rate and inflation have created uncertainty in the market and can lead to significant consequences for lenders and real estate companies, as well as financial stability. The purpose of this thesis is to address the issues with prop

Fracture-mechanics-based avalanche failure modeling offers a promising approach for predicting slope-specific snow stability, as opposed to broader regional avalanche danger levels. Understanding slab avalanche failure through weak layer collapse, governed by both material strength and toughness, is rooted in the coupled criterion proposed by Leguillion. This thesis implements a novel algorithm to

The European spruce bark beetle is an insect that is often referred to as a pest. Responsible for the destruction of over 150 million m3 of Norwegian spruce forest in Europe over the last 50 years makes this insect one of the major disturbances to the forest industry. With global warming at large, changes of the distribution of the bark beetle have emerged with large outbreaks now regularly occurr

The polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is an energy conversion device that uses hydrogen as fuel to produce electrical energy. The fuel cell is, however, very sensitive toward CO, thus, amounts over 10 ppm will poison the Pt-based anode part of the fuel cell. Preferential oxidation of carbon monoxide (CO-PROX) is considered to be the most efficient way of eliminating CO to such low con

En slitsmur är en geokonstruktion som utförs genom att paneler platsgjuts med marken som form. Panelerna bildar tillsammans en samverkande vägg. Tekniken är vanlig utomlands men fortfarande relativt ovanlig i Sverige. Behovet, och därmed intresset, av slitsmurar i Sverige växer dock i takt med förtätningen av städer och infrastrukturprojekt som kräver djup schaktning och anläggning. Kraven på låg A diaphragm wall is a retaining wall which is produced as a cast in-situ concrete wall. The ground itself acts as formwork. The technique is widely used internationally but it is comparably still a rare technique in Sweden. However, the need, and therefore interest in Sweden for diaphragm walls is growing as the number of inner city infrastructure projects requiring deep excavations increases. The

AbstractBackground: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a major risk factor for ischemic stroke and the most common cause of cardioembolic stroke. Early detection of AF and AF subjects at high risk for stroke is therefore important. Beyond traditional strong risk factors, such as high age and hypertension, the improvement of risk prediction with existing risk scores, is modest for most other risk markers.

Doctoral education in the technical fields has several distinct features, such as, the research is often projectbased, interdisciplinary, dependent on external funding, and affiliated with an industry. In other words, the epitome of a “modern doctorate” (Fillery-Travis, 2017; Lee, 2018). While literature on doctoral supervision in general is abundant (see e.g. Gatfield, 2005; Gurr, 2001; Ives &

Languages contain thousands of words each and are made up by a seemingly endless collection of sound combinations. Yet a subsection of these show clear signs of corresponding word shapes for the same meanings which is generally known as vocal iconicity and sound symbolism. This dissertation explores the boundaries of sound symbolism in the lexicon from typological, functional and evolutionary pers

AbstractNitrogenase is the only enzyme that can convert the inert nitrogen molecule to ammonia, so that it can be used for biomass production and in biosynthetic pathways. It contains a complicated acitve site, composed of eight metal ions, nine sulfur ions and one carbide ion (the FeMo cluster). Although it has been thoroughly studied with crystallographic, biochemical, kinetic, spectroscopic and

Introduction: The demographic changes with population ageing and a rapidly growing share of very old peoplewill put an increasing pressure on the health and social care system. In order to both restrict early retirement and force people to extend their working life reforms are changing pension systems in many European countries. Besides that older people have to extend their working life it is imp

Membrane cleaning is an integrated part of the daily membrane plant operation in the food and biotech industry. However, the impact of membrane cleaning on the plant operations and economics are often neglected parameters in the development of new applications despite the fact that the cost for membrane cleaning is a dominating membrane operating expenditure apart from electricity. The aim of this

The present thesis aimed to shed more light on the notion of acute inhibition of extracellular-signal regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 pathway as a treatment to improve stroke recovery. Stroke is a major cause of death and long-term disability worldwide, classified as ischemic or hemorrhagic. In ischemic stroke, interruption of blood flow and deprivation of oxygen and glucose activate death signalling pa

Context. In the era of massive spectroscopy surveys, automated stellar parameter pipelines and their validation are extremely important for an efficient scientific exploitation of the spectra. Aims. We undertake a critical and comprehensive comparison of the radial velocities and the main stellar atmosphere parameters for stars in common between the latest data releases from the Apache Point Obser

The copper access-network operators face the challenge of developing and maintaining cost-effective digital subscriber line (DSL) services that are competitive to other broadband access technologies. The way forward is dictated by the demand of ever increasing data rates on the twisted-pair copper lines. To meet this demand, a relocation of the DSL transceivers in cabinets closer to the customers