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Objectives: Nutrients passing the ileum induce mechanisms regulating pancreatic secretion, but the effect of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) present in the ileum because of either intestinal fermentation or due to the cecoileal reflux is still unclear. This study investigated the effect of ileal SCFAs on pancreatic secretion and plasma levels of peptide YY, cholecystokinin, motilin, and neurotensi

The wingbeat kinematics and wake structure of a trained house martin in free, steady flight in a wind tunnel have been studied over a range of flight speeds, and compared and contrasted with similar measurements for a thrush nightingale and a pair of robins. The house martin has a higher aspect ratio (more slender) wing, and is a more obviously agile and aerobatic flyer, catching insects on the wi

Objective: The course and the long-term outcome of 'refractory' secretory otitis media (SOM), defined as continuous SOM for more than 6 years, were studied in 52 young patients. They had during childhood been treated for bilateral SOM on average for 12 years (range 6 to 26 years). The mean interval between resolution of SOM and examination was 7 years. Methods: At follow up the patients' medical r

Isochromosome 7q - i(7q) - is seen in a wide variety of hematologic malignancies and solid tumors, often as a secondary change to a characteristic primary translocation. Despite its high frequency, nothing is known about the formation and the pathogenetic outcome of this abnormality. To address these issues, we performed a detailed fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) investigation of four ac

The standard way of suppressing movement artefacts in Doppler measurements is by means of a high-pass filter. This is because artefacts usually are of high amplitude, but have low frequencies. The immediate drawback is, then, that low-velocity blood flow is also filtered out. In this paper, a method to reduce movement artefacts in blood perfusion measurements is proposed, using simultaneous transm

Mutations in type 3 repeats of cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) cause two skeletal dysplasias, pseudoachondroplasia (PSACH) and multiple epiphyseal dysplasia (MED). We expressed recombinant wild-type COMP that showed structural and functional properties identical to COMP isolated from cartilage. A fragment encompassing the eight type 3 repeats binds 14 calcium ions with moderate affinity

A number of human-centred methodologies-subjective, objective, and combined-are used for slipperiness measurement. They comprise a variety of approaches from biomechanically-oriented experiments to psychophysical tests and subjective evaluations. The objective of this paper is to review some of the research done in the field, including such topics as awareness and perception of slipperiness, postu

Objective. To investigate whether IgG-degrading enzyme of Streptococcus pyogenes (IdeS), a bacterial cysteine endopeptidase that cleaves human IgG in the hinge region, can be used for blocking the development of arthritis. Methods. Recombinant IdeS was purified and tested for specificity against mouse IgG. IdeS was injected intravenously into mice with collagen antibody-induced arthritis (CAIA), c

The need for ad hoc networks arises when a number of mobile nodes gather in one particular location and form autonomous networks. Ad hoc networks can be adjoined to the Internet, introducing routing and addressing issues that require new features from ad hoc networking protocols. The Internet Gateway can offer global addressability and bidirectional Internet connectivity to every node in the ad ho

The origin of "cosmic" fluorine is uncertain, but there are three proposed production sites/mechanisms for the origin: asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars, nu nucleosynthesis in Type II supernovae, and/or the winds of Wolf-Rayet stars. The relative importance of these production sites has not been established even for the solar neighborhood, leading to uncertainties in stellar evolution models of

Neurobiological markers in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and in serum, previously found to co-vary with destructive personality traits in violent offenders, were explored in a general population sample of 21 patients undergoing knee surgery. Results on the Karolinska Scales of Personality (KSP) and the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) were compared with CSF/serum albumin ratios and serum conc

Motivation: The question of how to best use information from known associated variants when conducting disease association studies has yet to be answered. Some studies compute a marginal P-value for each Several Nucleotide Polymorphisms independently, ignoring previously discovered variants. Other studies include known variants as covariates in logistic regression, but a weakness of this standard

A major pathological hallmark of Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a severe degeneration of dopamine (DA)-producing neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) projecting to the motor part of the striatum. Therefore, there is a long-standing interest in using animal models with severe nigrostriatal degeneration for experimental research. Pathophysiological and behavioral features of PD are best

Pleiotropy (multiple phenotypic effects of single genes) and epistasis (gene interaction) have key roles in the development of complex phenotypes, especially in polymorphic taxa. The development of discrete and heritable phenotypic polymorphisms often emerges from major-effect genes that interact with other loci and have pleiotropic effects on multiple traits. We quantified gene expression changes

BACKGROUND: Myocardial and coronary endothelial injury occurs in donor hearts due to warm ischemia during cardiac transplantation. Coronary endothelial structure and function play a critical role in long-term outcomes for patients after cardiac transplantation. OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of hypoxia-induced warm ischemia (20 minutes) on coronary endothelial function of porcine donor hearts afte

Several climate oscillations have been reported from the early Holocene superepoch, the best known of which is the Preboreal oscillation (PBO). It is still unclear how the PBO and the number of climate oscillations observed in Greenland ice cores and European terrestrial records are related to one another. This is mainly due to uncertainties in the chronologies of the records. Here, we present new

Lithium-rich stars in globular clusters are rare. Only 14 have been found so far, in different evolutionary phases from dwarfs to giants. Different mechanisms have been proposed to explain this enhancement, but it is still an open problem. Using spectra collected within the Gaia-ESO Survey, obtained with the GIRAFFE spectrograph at the ESO Very Large Telescope, we present the discovery of the firs