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BACKGROUND: Directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) are of great help when researchers try to understand the nature of causal relationships and the consequences of conditioning on different variables. One fundamental feature of causal relations that has not been incorporated into the standard DAG framework is interaction, i.e. when the effect of one variable (on a chosen scale) depends on the value that an
Tillvaron på ett särskilt ungdomshem är speciell på många vis samtidigt som institutionsvardagen i stor grad speglar samhället i övrigt. Eftersom ungdomar och personal kommer nära inpå varandra under längre tid kan frågor om identitet och tillhörighet få extra stor betydelse i det sociala samspelet.I boken undersöks hur etnicitet visas upp, debatteras, skojas om eller används som ett retoriskt ver
BACKGROUND: The increasing prevalence of antiretroviral drug resistance in Sub-Saharan Africa threatens the success of HIV programs. We have characterized patterns of drug resistance mutations (DRMs) during the initial year of antiretroviral treatment (ART) in HIV-positive adults receiving care at Ethiopian health centers and investigated the impact of tuberculosis on DRM acquisition.METHODS: Part
Questions related to crime and migration are delicate matters, potentially because of associations with ethnicity, racism and oppressive politics and ideology in both the past and the present. The delicate nature of issues of crime and deviance may result in expressive caution exercised by both researchers and those studied. In this article, we discuss these dynamics in the research process in ter
Seaweed is a promising sustainable source of vegan protein as its farming does not require arable land, pesticides/insecticides, nor freshwater supply. However, to be explored as a novel protein source the content and nutritional quality of protein in seaweed need to be improved. We assessed the influence of pH-shift processing on protein degree of hydrolysis (%DH), protein/peptide size distributi
We have developed a LCMS metabolomic workflow to investigate metabolic patterns from human intestinal cells treated with simulated gastrointestinal-digested hydrolyzed crab waste materials. This workflow facilitates smart and reproducible comparisons of cell cultures exposed to different treatments. In this case the variable was the hydrolysis methods, also accounting for the GI digestion giving a
Protocatechuic acid (PCA) is a strong antioxidant and is also a potential platform for polymer building blocks like vanillic acid, vanillin, muconic acid, and adipic acid. This report presents a study on PCA production from glucose via the shikimate pathway precursor 3-dehydroshikimate by heterologous expression of a gene encoding 3-dehydroshikimate dehydratase in Escherichia coli. The phenylalani
Propionic acid (PA) production from agro-industrial residues using propionibacteria has gained interest as an alternative to fossil-based process. Microbial production is however characterized by product inhibition, lowering the product titers and productivity. In this study, Propionibacterium acidipropionici DSMZ4900 was subjected to adaptive evolution to tolerate higher acid concentrations. The
This study demonstrates the use of a photoelectrochemical device comprising earth-abundant hematite photoanode for the oxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF), a versatile bio-based platform chemical, under ambient conditions in the presence of an electron mediator. The results obtained in this study showed that the hematite photoanode, upon doping with fluorine, can oxidize water even at low
Cancer research has transformed our view on cellular mechanisms for oxygen sensing. It has been documented that these mechanisms are important for maintaining animal tissues and life in environments where oxygen (O2) concentrations fluctuate. In adult animals, oxygen sensing is governed by the Hypoxia Inducible Factors (HIFs) that are stabilized at low oxygen concentrations (hypoxia). However, the
Adamantane is the simplest of the diamondoid molecules, which due to their high stability are of high interest both in astrophysics and nanotechnology. This work investigates the molecular photodissociation after ionization by attosecond XUV pulses. The fragmentation dynamics is inferred by means of velocity map imaging spectrometry, covariance analysis techniques and quantum chemistry calculation
Measurements of the production of muons from heavy-flavour hadron decays in Pb–Pb collisions at sNN=5.02 and 2.76 TeV using the ALICE detector at the LHC are reported. The nuclear modification factor RAA at sNN=5.02 TeV is measured at forward rapidity (2.5
The multiplicity dependence of the pseudorapidity density of charged particles in proton–proton (pp) collisions at centre-of-mass energies s=5.02, 7 and 13 TeV measured by ALICE is reported. The analysis relies on track segments measured in the midrapidity range (| η| < 1.5). Results are presented for inelastic events having at least one charged particle produced in the pseudorapidity interva
