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The Kalman-Yakubovich-Popov (KYP) lemma has been a cornerstone in system theory and network analysis and synthesis. It relates an analytic property of a square transfer matrix in the frequency domain to a set of algebraic equations involving parameters of a minimal realization in time domain. This note proves that the KYP lemma is also valid for realizations which are stabilizable and observable
The objective of this study is to contribute to the knowledge about the effects of foreign aid in Tanzania during the period 1964-93. However, such a study is also relevant from a more general perspective since the results can hopefully be relevant for other aid-recipient countries. Chapter 2 presents the size, forms, and allocation of the foreign aid inflow to Tanzania during the four aid regime
In current debate a number of terms are used to describe the positions of different groups and individuals, eg. deviation, marginalisation, segregation, integration, inclusion and exclusion. The terminology aids us in giving everyday life a manageable structure and meaning, but it also work as a tool of stigma and to keep large groups outside society, not least in research agendas. By using the te
Force and isotonic shortening velocities were studied (0.6-4.0 degreesC) in isolated single muscle spindles from the anterior tibialis muscle of Rana temporaria using techniques that enabled measurements both from the spindle as a whole and from marked segments of the preparation. The force-velocity relationship during tetanic stimulation exhibited the same biphasic shape as previously described f
The application of k(t)-factorization supplemented with the CCFM small-x evolution equation to heavy quark production is discussed. The b (b) over bar production cross sections at the TEVATRON can be consistently described using the k(t)-factorization formalism together with the unintegrated gluon density obtained within the CCFM evolution approach from a fit to HERA F-2 data. Special attention is
In order to contribute to knowledge on how-to expand bioenergy this paper examines an example of success from Sweden. The idea is to identify factors that can explain the difference between success and failure of bioenergy systems. In the aftermath of the oil crises in the 1970s, the local government in the town of Enkoping in Sweden was cautioned by the local Swedish military regiment to shift to
In our previous studies we have used electrolytic conductivity detection (ELCD) in the selective analysis of chlorinated fatty acids in marine samples. In order to determine the chlorinated fatty acids quantitatively, we studied the ELCD response factors (RFs) of chlorinated fatty acids and compared them with those of other chlorinated compounds. We also studied the effect of reactor temperature a
The time domain version of the optical theorem is discussed. The theorem is derived from the optical theorem in the frequency domain by the Parseval's relation. It expresses the sum of the scattered and absorbed energies in terms of the scattered farfield in the forward direction. From the theorem, causality, and reciprocity, a number of results concerning the scattered and absorbed energies from
Mute Swans (Cygnus olor) and Whooper Swans (Cygnus cygnus) in Sweden have been monitored as part of the International Waterbird Census (IWC) since 1967. For the Whooper Swan, midwinter indices show fluctuations around a slowly increasing trend. Country-wide surveys in 1971-72, 1988-89, 1995 and 2000, however found a more substantial increase in numbers, with national totals estimated at 2,000, 4,0
Essä om Douglas Sirk som filmregissör, hans berättarstil och teman.
We tested the relative and combined effects of prey density and patch size on the functional response (number of attacks per unit time and duration of attacks) of a predatory reef fish (Cheilodactylus nigripes (Richardson)) to their invertebrate prey. Fish attacked prey at a greater rate and for longer time in large than small patches of prey, but large patches had naturally greater densities of p
A new trend of product-service systems (PSS) that has the potential to minimise environmental impacts of both production and consumption is emerging. This article attempts to build a theoretical framework for PSS and serves as a background for identifying possible investment needs in studying them. There are three main uncertainties regarding the applicability and feasibility of PSS: the readiness
A novel technique, involving U-model based IMC (internal model control), is proposed for the adaptive control of nonlinear dynamic plants such as the DC-motor. The proposed scheme combines the robustness of the IMC and the ability of neural networks to identify arbitrary nonlinear functions, with the control-oriented nature of the U-model to achieve adaptive tracking of stable nonlinear plants. Th
