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Beringia is considered as an important glacial refugium that served as the main source for colonization of formerly glaciated Arctic regions. To obtain high resolution views of Arctic refugial history, we examined mitochondrial cytochrome b phylogeography in the northern genus of rodents, Lemmus ( true lemmings), sampled across its circumpolar distribution. Strong phylogeographical structure sugge
Differential absorption lidar (DIAL) measurements are usually made on single compounds by alternately switching the wavelength between on and off a resonance line. The selection of more than two wavelengths is a mathematical necessity for simultaneous measurement of multiple species or for resolving interference effects between a compound of interest and a background gas such as water vapour or ca
The effects of confining a polyelectrolyte solution containing a polyion and its counterions in spherical cavities of different sizes have been investigated by Monte Carlo simulations using a simple model system. Polyions of three different linear charge densities and counterions of three different valences have been examined. Structure, energy, and free energy properties of all systems have been
Microcrystalline cellulose (10 g/L Avicel) was hydrolysed by two major cellulases, cellobiohydrolase I (CBH I) and endoglucanase II (EG II), of Trichoderma reesei. Two types of experiments were performed, and in both cases the enzymes were added alone and together, in equimolar mixtures. In time course studies the reaction time was varied between 3 min and 48 h at constant temperature (40degreesC)
1. Reliable methods for quantifying population size are crucial for strategies to conserve endangered wild-bee species. Estimates of population size obtained through survey walks were compared with estimates obtained through mark-recapture studies in 10 populations of the red-listed solitary bee Andrena hattorfiana in southern Sweden. 2. The mean number of bees observed during survey walks was str
High latitude wetlands play an important role for the surface-atmosphere exchange of carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4), but fluxes of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOC) in these ecosystems have to date not been extensively studied. This is despite BVOC representing a measurable proportion of the total gaseous C fluxes at northern locations and in the face of the high temperature sensi
The main aim of the study was to explore the extent to which familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) influences the life of the patients affected. The study employed a qualitative analysis of semi-structured interviews with 23 outpatients who were being treated following a diagnosis of heterozygous FH at a tertiary hospital in Göteborg, Sweden. Some interviewees reported concerns related to their medic
BACKGROUND: Induced hypothermia may be used to reduce metabolism in acute respiratory failure. Hypothermia is accompanied by an increase in pulmonary vascular resistance, as also seen in the early period after lung transplantation. It was our concern that the combination of the two would lead to an increased workload on the right ventricle. METHODS: To test this hypothesis we induced hypothermia t
Homocysteine has been suggested to be a risk factor for fracture, but the causal relationship is not clear. In 996 women from the OPRA study, high homocysteine level was associated with high bone marker levels and low BMD at baseline. During a mean 7-year follow-up, high homocysteine level was associated with mortality, but no clear association to fracture risk existed.
The effects of extracts from five cultivars of strawberries on the proliferation of colon cancer cells HT29 and breast cancer cells MCF-7 were investigated, and possible correlations with the levels of several antioxidants were analyzed. In addition, the effects of organic cultivation compared to conventional cultivation on the content of antioxidants in the strawberries and strawberry extracts on
Background and aims. Adverse events (AE) leading to discontinuation or dose-reduction of thiopurine therapy (TP) occur in 9-28% of patients with inflammatory bowel disease. 6-Thioguanine (6-TG) has been proposed as an alternative treatment in patients intolerant for azathioprine (AZA), but some concerns have been raised about drug safety. Methods. We evaluated in a prospective manner the tolerance
Intraspecific or ontogenetic analyses of mass-metabolism relationships do not often conform to the same allometric correlations as those seen in interspecific analyses. A commonly cited reason for this discrepancy is that ontogenetic studies examine smaller mass ranges than interspecific studies, and are therefore not statistically comparable. In this study the metabolic rate of yellowtail kingfis
Eight oligosaccharides have been isolated from faeces of a blood group B, secretor, breast-fed infant and characterized by sugar and methylation analysis, f.a.b. mass spectrometry and 1H-n.m.r. spectroscopy. One of these oligosaccharides has not previously been reported and is a tri-L-fucosyl derivative of lacto-N-hexaose. The other compounds were identical to oligosaccharides found in human milk.
A thoracic chimney graft is a stent or stent graft that is deployed in a supraaortic branch vessel, protruding somewhat proximally into the free aortic lumen like a chimney parallel to the main aortic stent graft. The chimney graft is used to preserve flow to vital aortic side branches covered by the main aortic stent graft. Standard off-the-shelf stent grafts can be used to instantly treat lesion
In order to test the hypothesis that low-dose midazolam reduces excitatory cerebral symptoms by attenuating ketamine-induced increases in the cerebral metabolic rate for oxygen (CMRO2), we compared the cerebral effects of a combination of an anesthetic dose of ketamine hydrochloride (10.0 mg.kg-1 i.v.) and a subanaesthetic dose of midazolam maleate (0.25 mg.kg-1 i.v., n = 6; or 0.10 mg.kg-1 i.v.,
