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Designing simulations for urban design not only requires explicit performance criteria of planning standards but a synthesis of implicit design objectives, that we will call 'purpose rules', with computational approaches. The former would at most lead to automation of the existing planning processes for speed and evaluation, the latter to an understanding of perceived urban qualities and their eff
One aspect of how cities are arranged and configured, from structures of communication networks to land division, programme distribution, and location of functions, monuments, and other urban objects is directly related to questions of power and representation. While sometimes more explicitly discussed regarding buildings or historical cities, as by Thomas A Markus and Kim Dovey, it is a present i
This paper proposes and explains a type of diagrams which share some of the characteristics distinctive of axial maps, while also differing substantially in some other aspects. A main discussion in Space Syntax is the capacity of different diagrammatic representations to describe relevant morphological characteristics of space: convex maps or visibility graphs at the scale of buildings; axial maps
Barely a month before the end of World War II, a technical report begun circulating among allied scientists: the ‘First Draft of a Report on the EDVAC’, attributed to John von Neumann, described for the first time the design and implementation of the earliest stored-program computer. The ‘First Draft’ became the template followed by subsequent British and American computers, establishing the stand
In many fields connected to architecture and urban design, the term 'resilience' has grown common and tends to stand for a variety of different things. What this paper intends to do is to work with the term under a rather basic understanding - that of systems capable of performing even after being altered. Specifically, this means the extent to which a spatial configuration is sensitive to smaller
In analyses of affordances and opportunities in different neighbourhoods it is found that access to public buildings and a well-functioning public space are of outmost importance. This is found to be especially important in neighbourhoods having a population with fewer resources, areas often discussed in terms as ‘deprived’ or ‘excluded’, concepts that alludes to the phenomenon of segregation. Pre
We develop and validate diffuse optical tomography methods based on interstitial fluorescence measurements for the reconstruction of fluorescent photosensitizing drug spatial distribution. We propose another phase in the tomographic reconstruction algorithm resulting in quantitatively more accurate reconstruction. This quantitative information can be used to monitor the temporal evolution of the p
This thesis offers a cultural analysis of climate change, modernisation and sustainable development in the pastoral landscape of Baringo, Northern Kenya. For the majority of the pastoralists living there, life is defined by crippling poverty, ethnic violence and an increasingly erratic and unpredictable climate. In response, a growing number of people have moved away from the traditional reliance
We investigate how the anchoring effect—a well-established cognitive bias—influences the full distribution of subjective beliefs. While prior research extensively examines the impact of anchoring and other biases on point estimates, their effect on higher moments of the distribution remains unexplored. Through a pre-registered online experiment (N=732), we find that anchoring impacts the mean, var
Background: Efficacy of tumour necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi) for peripheral arthritis in patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA) has been established in randomized clinical trials that have used improvement in summated joint counts as an outcome. Whether joints at different anatomical locations might respond differentially to TNFi remains unknown. The aim of the study was to investigate potent
This study investigates how reduced visibility due to wildfire smoke affects driving behaviour, specifically speed and headway, and the resulting implications for evacuation management and planning. Data were collected from participants immersed in a virtual environment through a driving simulator with a head-mounted display. Thirty-seven participants drove through scenarios simulating a rural hig
The visual complexity of a habitat can play a significant role in the outcome of interactions between predators and prey. We currently assume that predators should maximize their foraging success by foraging in habitats where prey are easier to detect and search times are lower. Mesopredators, however, have to detect prey (as a predator) while also avoiding detection by their own predators (as pre
The chaperone DNAJB6b (JB6) plays important roles in increasing amyloid protein solubility and inhibiting amyloid fibril formation, a causative factor for neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. Insights into the biophysical properties of JB6, including its structure, self-assembly and stability towards denaturation, may enhance the understanding of the physicochemical
Suppose an act of caring can be at once good, even admirable, and still help sustain a system that harms people and our shared world. In this paper, I reflect on interviews with street-level bureaucrats working with civil society to maintain and repair collective capacities for problem-solving and collective reflection in segregated Swedish cities. I want to explore how seeing their work as a form
Background: While energy communities working on electricity provision have been extensively studied, thermal energy communities (TECs) focusing on bringing district heating (DH) systems to decarbonise heat systems in buildings have been relatively under-researched. This study addresses this gap by presenting the first comprehensive examination of key factors influencing the emergence and developme
Whether monetary incentives to change behavior work and how they should be structured are fundamental economic questions. We overcome typical data limitations in a large-scale field experiment on vaccination (N = 5,324) with a unique combination of administrative and survey data. We find that guaranteed incentives of $20 increase uptake by 13 percentage points in the short run and 9 in the long ru
Local climate adaptation is constrained and steered along specific paths by various mechanisms, which together form a lock-in. The study focuses on Swedish local civil servants’ strategies to deal with climate adaption lock-ins and to what extent the strategies disrupt the lock-ins. Interviews were conducted with civil servants in six municipalities, complemented by inter-views at regional and nat
