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International investment law has traditionally been structured around the protection of foreign investors and investments. Through investment treaties, investors are granted substantive rights and procedural standing to bring claims against host states, while obligations are imposed primarily on states. This structure has contributed to concerns that investment law may restrict states’ ability to
Ett entreprenadavtal kan förstås som ett materiellt uppdragsavtal, där beställaren uppdrar åt entreprenören att utföra arbete för beställarens räkning. Därigenom uppstår ett principal- och agentförhållande där beställaren är principal och entreprenören agent. Även om AB 04 bygger på en balans mellan parterna och syftar till en ekonomiskt optimal riskfördelning, aktualiserar löpande räkning särskilA construction contract may be understood as a contract, under which the employer instructs the contractor to perform work on the employer´s behalf. This gives rise to a principal-agent relationship, in which the employer is the principal and the contractor is the agent. Although AB 04 is based on a balance between the parties and aims to achieve an economically optimal allocation of risk, cost-pl
Denna uppsats undersöker vilken betydelse EU-domstolens avgörande i Seraing kan få för svenska domstolars verkställighet av utländska kommersiella skiljedomar. Fokus ligger särskilt på hur ordre public-förbehållet i svensk rätt och internationell skiljerätt påverkas av EU-rättens ökade inflytande över skiljeförfaranden. Uppsatsen är skriven med dels en rättsdogmatisk, dels en EU-rättslig metod. SThis thesis examines the implications of the Seraing decision for the enforcement of foreign commercial arbitral awards in Swedish courts. The analysis focuses particularly on how the public policy exception in Swedish arbitration law may be affected by the increasing influence of European Union law on international arbitration. The thesis is written using both a legal dogmatic and EU legal method
Reconstructing the geometric structure of a room from indoor acoustic signals (such as room impulse response, RIR) has significant application value in fields such as spatial audio, active sound field control, and virtual reality. However, in real physical measurement environments, inevitable acoustic environmental noise and spatial uncertainty in the placement of equipment (such as minor perturba
Under senare år har situationer uppmärksammats där vuxna personer via internet kontaktat personer som de uppfattat som barn i sexuellt syfte, men där motparten i själva verket varit en vuxen person, ofta bakom en profil tillhörande ett fiktivt barn. Sådana situationer aktualiserar frågan om straffrätten bör ingripa mot ett handlande som framstår som klandervärt och typiskt sett syftar till sexuellIn recent years, situations have attracted attention in which adults have contacted persons online whom they believed to be children for sexual purposes, but where the other party was in fact an adult, often behind a profile belonging to a fictitious child. Such situations raise the question of whether criminal law should intervene against conduct that appears blameworthy and is typically aimed at
This thesis explores the potential of vernacular architecture in contemporary design through the proposal of a community centre for Kitini Secondary School in Godawari, Nepal. The project is grounded in a site-specific, research-led design methodology, informed by fieldwork, material studies, and community engagement. It explores how traditional Nepali building practices, particularly the use of l
I detta arbete undersöktes potentialen av en biofilmsprocess med suspenderade bärare (MBBR) som efternitrifikation att minska halterna av ammoniumkväve som släpps ut med det behandlade avloppsvattnet. För detta genomfördes en studie i en pilotanläggning vid Ellinge avloppsre-ningsverk där två parallella reaktorer med olika driftsätt jämfördes, varav den ena periodvis ut-sattes för högre belastningThis study investigated the potential of a moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) process as a post-nitrification step to reduce ammonium nitrogen concentrations in treated wastewater. The study was conducted in a pilot plant at Ellinge wastewater treatment plant, where two parallel reactors with different operating strategies were compared, one of which was periodically subjected to higher loading thr
This study examined how Indigenous and local knowledge (ILK) contributes to social-ecological resilience in Libertad, Antique, Northwest Panay Island, Philippines, through two subsistence livelihoods: Bariw (screw palm) harvesting/weaving and freshwater shrimp fishing. Using a qualitative research approach involving participant observations, key informant interviews, focus group discussions, and c
Kelp forests are among the most productive ecosystems on Earth, releasing detritus year-round through direct blade erosion, storm-induced detachment, wave breakage, seasonal shedding, as well as indirect urchin grazing. Fragmental kelp detritus is transported from the euphotic zone to deeper parts of the ocean such as fjords, where decomposition rates are very low and detritus may contribute to lo
I den här uppsatsen argumenterar jag för att mode är ett symbolsystem som är mer likt språket än vad konsten är likt språket. Med andra ord så menar jag att mode överlag befinner sig närmare konsten än vad det gör språket, men på skalan mellan språk och konst så befinner sig mode snäppet närmare språket. Med utgångspunkt i Nelson Goodmans teorier om symbolsystem, Ingrids Loscheks applikation av Ni
Detta examensarbete syftar till att identifiera företag som äger sina verksamhetsfastigheter samt analysera deras förutsättningar att genomföra energieffektiviserande åtgärder. Studien baseras på kommunal registerdata, geografisk analys via Geoportalen samt kvalitativ verifiering genom platsbesök och semistrukturerade företagsintervjuer. Resultaten indikerar att ägarstruktur har stor betydelseEnergy efficiency initiatives targeting businesses often face challenges related to identifying actors with the authority to implement measures. This study examines how property ownership influences companies’ ability to undertake energy efficiency actions. The study was conducted as a case study in Lund municipality and applied a two-step methodology consisting of registry-based mapping and qual
Mienstrukturen, en delvis vattenfylld sänka i södra Sverige, bekräftades vara ett astroblem på 1960-talet. Strukturen bildades runt 120 miljoner år sedan. Dålig exponering av berggrunden i och runt sjön, på grund av tjocka lager glaciala sediment, har gjort geomorfologisk kartering och klassificering av impaktbergarter till en utmaning. Data angående kraterdiameter och morfologiska särdrag som exeThe Mien structure, a partly lake-filled depression in southern Sweden, was confirmed to be an impact structure in the 1960s. The structure formed about 120 Myr ago. Poor exposure of outcropping bedrock in and around the lake, due to a thick cover of glacial sediments, has made morphological mapping and impactite classification challenging. Constrains on crater diameter and morphological features
A muon collider is a promising future collider concept for particle physics. The International Muon Collider Collaboration (IMCC) and the Muon Collider Collaboration (MuCol) are currently conducting a design study to investigate the feasibility of such a facility. To produce muons, a high-intensity, short pulse proton beam produced in a proton complex is directed onto a target, where pions are pro
Stålindustrin står för ungefär 7-8% av världens växthusgasutsläpp, och fordonsindustrin är en av dess viktigaste kunder. Fordonstillverkare som Volvo, Mercedes och Scania möter idag hårdare krav på att minska utsläppen i sina försörjningskedjor, genom regelverk i EU som förändras snabbt och ett växande tryck att ansvara för sina koldioxidavtryck. I detta sammanhang har grönt stål blivit en strategThe steel sector accounts for approximately 7-8% of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and the automotive industry stands for a large part of its customer base. As Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs), such as Volvo, Mercedes and Scania etc., face tightening Scope 3 emission targets, evolving EU regulatory frameworks, and growing pressure to decarbonise their supply chains, the question of
Catalytic oxidation of ammonia (NH₃) is the key reaction in the Ostwald process for industrial nitric acid production. The reaction yields three nitrogen-containing products, N₂, N₂O, and NO, and the selectivity between them depends on the catalyst and the operating conditions. Most of what is known comes from steady-state studies on platinum and rhodium. This thesis studies what happens when the
Patienter med depression uppvisar ofta kognitiva nedsättningar. Tidigare forskning har visat inkonsekventa resultat avseende vilka kognitiva funktioner som påverkas och i vilken utsträckning. Dessa variationer skulle kunna förklaras av depressionens heterogena karaktär samt att tidigare studier ofta har rapporterat resultat i sammansatta mått på kognitiv funktion. Denna studie undersökte kognitiv Depression is associated with cognitive impairments, yet findings remain inconsistent regarding which cognitive functions are affected and to what extent, potentially due to disorder heterogeneity and reliance on composite measures of cognitive functioning in previous research. The present study examined cognitive functioning in individuals with anhedonic depression using objective neuropsychologi
Sweden has established itself as one of the world’s most dynamic environments for digital innovation, producing globally successful B2C platform companies despite its small domestic market. Building on strong social infrastructure, high digital maturity, and adaptive legal and economic systems, the country has fostered firms such as Spotify, Klarna, Skype, and Mojang Studios, demonstrating how Swe
In recent decades, organizations have undergone a fundamental shift from selling physical products to offering services and most recently, data-driven offerings. This transition has elevated data to a central organizational resource and given rise to new service models, most notably Data-as-a-Service, DaaS. While the costs associated with developing and maintaining data infrastructure are often me
There are arguments around the nature and boundaries of the moral domain, with this current paper aiming to delineate one of these arguments. With a basis in George Sher's (2021) discussion of cognitions (beliefs, fantasies, attitudes and some thoughts), the paper defends the notion that they are, in fact, morally relevant. By combining the logic of truth-aptness with the phenomenology of agen
