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Due to the recent interest in enzymatic biofuel cells (BECs), sugar oxidizing enzymes other than the commonly used glucose oxidase are gaining more importance as possible bioelements of implantable microscale-devices, which can, for example, be used in biosensors and pacemakers. In this study we used rational and semi-rational protein design to improve the catalytic activity of the enzyme pyranose
In untreated patients with Alzheimer disease (AD) the functional ability is gradually lost. What happens to the patients after continuous long-term cholinesterase inhibitor (ChEI) treatment is less investigated. The objective of this study was to describe the longitudinal functional outcome and analyze factors affecting the outcome in ChEI-treated patients. In an open, 3-year, nonrandomized, prosp
The Price of Democracy and the Value of Literature : Books, Politics, and the Literary Market with Respect to the 2002 Reduction in VAT on Books in Sweden In 2002 the VAT (value added tax) on books in Sweden was reduced from 25% to 6 %. The reduction was effected in response to a cultural policy, whose aim was to ”improve the conditions for literature and reading” and ”stimulate a diversifed out
Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a group of inherited neurodegenerative diseases affecting photoreceptors and causing blindness in humans. Previously, excessive activation of enzymes belonging to the poly-ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) group was shown to be involved in photoreceptor degeneration in the human homologous rd1 mouse model for RP. Since there are at least 16 different PARP isoforms, we inves
Feminisation of the HIV/AIDS epidemic in sub-Saharan Africa is an important public health concern. Therefore, it is crucial that we understand the various risk factors that shape unsafe sexual behaviours among young people in Uganda. The overall aim of this thesis was to gain a deeper understanding of the various factors that have an association with risky sexual behaviours among Ugandan universit
NGC 2419 is a peculiar Galactic globular cluster off set from the others in the size-luminosity diagram, and showing several chemical abundance anomalies. Here, we present Stromgren uvby photometry of the cluster. Using the gravity-and metallicity-sensitive c(1) and m(1) indices, we identify a sample of likely cluster members extending well beyond the formal tidal radius. The estimated contaminati
Context: To treat or not to treat is one of the most difficult dilemmas facing prostate cancer patients, especially elderly men with early prostate cancer or small cancer that is contained within the prostate. Objective: The primary objective of this review is to analyse the treatment options for patients with localised prostate cancer. This information can be considered alongside other important
Popular Abstract in Swedish I vår egen tid finns ett stort intresse för släktforskning och historia hos många. Men man tänker sällan på att även människor i gångna tider kunnat blicka tillbaka på sitt förflutna och fundera på sin egen plats i släktleden. Vad var de ville minnas och hur mindes de i en tid utan skriv- och läskunnighet? Det är frågor som ställs i avhandlingen och där svaren söks i deThis thesis examine how farm-dwellers in the Mälaren region during the late Iron Age and early Middle Ages created, transferred, and preserved memory by deliberately placing new houses and graves on the houses and graves of previous generations. Focus is on memory as a social phenomenon and culture-specific resource created by these deliberate practices. The culture-specific element is oral cultur
By virtue of their undisputed role in allergy, the study of airway mast cells has focused on nasal and bronchial mast cells and their involvement in allergic rhinitis and asthma. However, recent mechanistic and human studies suggest that peripheral mast cells also have an important role in asthma, as well as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, respiratory infections and lung fibrosis. Pathogeni
Land development usually induces large changes in flood peak and infiltration properties, thus affecting the entire hydrological environment of the area. In order to evaluate such negative effects caused by land-use change, it is necessary to estimate the changes in surface runoff and groundwater recharge rate. The effects of land-use changes on the parameter values of a groundwater recharge model
Coherent structures of two-dimensional supersonic turbulent mixing layers with the engineering background have been investigated numerically with large eddy simulation method. The chaos characteristics of transverse sections of mixing layer flowfield have been obtained through the analyses of two chaos characteristic parameters, Lyapunov exponent and correlation dimension. The results show that un
Popular Abstract in Swedish Kraven på bränslesnåla och rena motorer har ökat under de senaste åren. Det började med att priset på olja steg kraftigt i början av 2000-talet. Kraven växte sedan ytterligare i kölvattnet av debatten kring växthuseffekten där koldioxid, en av de dominerande produkterna vid förbränning, spelar huvudrollen. Med tanke på att sänkt bränsleförbrukning rör både ekonomiska ocIn the last decade diesel combustion has developed in a new direction. Research has been carried out trying to prolong the ignition delay and enhance fuel/air premixing to avoid diffusion combustion as well as lowering the combustion temperature through use of EGR. One of these new combustion concepts is Partially Premixed Combustion (PPC). PPC is aimed to provide combustion with low smoke and NOx
Maturation stage ameloblasts of rodents express vacuolar type-H-ATPase in the ruffled border of their plasma membrane in contact with forming dental enamel, similar to osteoclasts that resorb bone. It has been proposed that in ameloblasts this v-H-ATPase acts as proton pump to acidify the enamel space, required to complete enamel mineralization. To examine whether this v-H-ATPase in mouse amelobla
A recursion for sequences of spectra of truncated as well as tailbitten convolutional codes and their duals is derived. The order of this recursion is shown to be less than or equal to the rank of the weight adjacency matrix (WAM) for the minimal encoder of the convolutional code. It is sufficient to know finitely many spectra of these terminated convolutional codes in order to obtain an infinitel
Crystallization of amorphous Y67Fe33 into the YFe2 C15 Laves phase via a novel 'YFe' intermediate phase has been observed through to completion using time-resolved small angle neutron scattering (SANS). The nucleation and growth kinetics of the phase transformations have been studied at annealing temperatures below the crystallization temperatures for both the 'YFe' phase and the YFe2 phase. The S
In the year 2000, the alcohol habits of 1460 Swedish university students living in residence halls were assessed. The students had a mean age of 23.8 years, and 64% were male. The results from this baseline assessment show that the mean AUDIT score (± sd) was 10.3 ± 5.2 for males and 8.1 ± 4.7 for females. AUDIT stands for Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test and is used world-wide to assess
To investigate the reproducibility of thermal thresholds, as measured by repeated quantitative sensory testing (QST) in healthy controls, and to asses if temperature sensitivity differs between healthy controls and a cohort of patients with persistent pain.
OBJECTIVES: Deteriorating ward patients are at increased risk. Electronic automated advisory vital signs monitors may help identify such patients and improve their outcomes. SETTING: A total of 349 beds, in 12 general wards in ten hospitals in the United States, Europe, and Australia. PATIENTS: Cohort of 18,305 patients. DESIGN: Before-and-after controlled trial. INTERVENTION: We deployed
